nguhistВестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филологияVestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology1818-7919Novosibirsk State University10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-4-62-69nguhist-1011Research ArticleИСТОРИЯ КИТАЯHISTORY OF CHINAВ поисках сохранения западной идентичности: ранний период развития масонства в Китае (XIX – начало XX века)In Search of the Preservation of Western Identity: The Early Stage of Development of Freemasonry in China (19th and Early 20th Centuries)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-2874МасловА. А.MaslovA. А.Алексей Александрович Маслов, доктор исторических наук, профессор

Москва

Alexey A. Maslov, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor

Moscow 

amaslov@iaas.msu.ruМосковский государственный университет им. М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation2022170420222146269Copyright © Маслов А.А., 20222022Маслов А.А.Maslov A.А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1011

Исследование посвящено раннему периоду развития масонства в Китае XIX – начале XX в., которое в тот период характеризовалось открытием десятка лож Английской, Шотландской, Массачусетской, Филиппинской конституции. Несмотря на то что масонство не имело решающего влияния на политику или экономику Китая, оно выступало в качестве важнейшей силы консолидации иностранцев, прежде всего в Шанхае, Гуанчжоу, Гонконге, способствовало сохранению «оазиса» западных традиций в инокультурной среде, создавало новые, в том числе и трансазиатские деловые связи между бизнесменами – членами лож. Немногочисленные ложи включали представителей разных слоев, но прежде всего – предпринимателей. Важнейшей частью деятельности лож стала благотворительность и поддержка своих членов. Однако к 20– 30-м гг. ХХ в. «колониальный» характер масонства размывается, в некоторых шанхайских ложах большая часть членов уже была китайцами, и даже возник вопрос о проведении ритуалов на китайском языке.

This research focuses on the early period of the development of Freemasonry in China in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as this period was characterized by the establishing of a dozen lodges under English, Scottish, Massachusetts, Philippine Constitution. While Freemasonry had no decisive influence on politics or the economy of China, it acted as a major force for the consolidation of foreigners, especially in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, contributing to preserve the “oasis” of Western traditions in a foreign cultural environment, creating new trans-Asian business relations between business members of lodges. The membership of each lodge was not high in numbers, however they included representatives of different strata, but above all - entrepreneurs and traders. Charity and support of freemasons’ families became an important part of the lodges’ activities. However, by the 1920s-1930s, the “colonial” character of Freemasonry began eroding, and since some Shanghai lodges contained mostly Chinese members, local freemasons even raised the suggestion of conducting rituals in Chinese.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.