The author reveals and analyzes the historical background of an early period of the Soviet-Chinese cooperation in documentary cinema at the beginning of the 1950s. The partnership became possible only after the creation of the People’s Republic of China, although initial attempts were made somewhat earlier. However political reasons and ideology differences became an insurmountable obstacle in the way of productive interaction. The first joint colour full-length documentary films “The Victory of the Chinese People” and “Liberated China” (1950) became a symbol of friendship and close ties between the two countries. This characterized the period of the 1950s. The collaboration based on a common ideological platform, subjected to common political goals, met the tasks of both communist parties and took place on the basis of directive documents of the highest party and state bodies of the two countries. Both sides attached great attention to the propaganda and educational significance of the mentioned films, therefore the best specialists were sent to make them. Soviet film makers found themselves in a completely new political situation, social and everyday life environment. Therefore, Chinese colleagues provided comprehensive assistance. Interaction with the Chinese military and civilian consultants, attached to the groups of Soviet film makers, ensured the complete fulfillment of the goals set by the leadership. This was the first completed project in Soviet-Chinese cooperation while work on industrial sites had just begun. This first collaboration helped to restore and develop the Chinese film industry, demonstrated the productivity and possibility of the joint working groups. The films were highly appreciated in both countries and marked the beginning of further Soviet-Chinese cooperation, which continues in the 21st century.