nguhistВестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филологияVestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology1818-7919Novosibirsk State University10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-10-51-62nguhist-1237Research ArticleЭТНОГРАФИЯ ВОСТОЧНОЙ АЗИИПамять и идентичность: Таши Цэринг, последний цинван к югу от Хуан-хэMemory and Identity: Tashi Tsering, the Last Qinwang South of the Yellow Riverhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-4984ВалленбёкУ.WallenböckU.

Уте Валленбёк, PhD ассистент

Scopus Author ID 57191192845

Брно

Ute Wallenböck, Assistant Professor, Masaryk University Brno; Post doc researcher, Palacky University, Olomouc

Scopus Author ID 57191192845

Brno

wallenbock@phil.muni.czУниверситет им. МасарикаЧехияMasarykova univerzita (Masaryk University)Czech Republic20223011202221105162Copyright © Валленбёк У., 20222022Валленбёк У.Wallenböck U.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1237

В статье речь идет о скотоводческом районе к югу от р. Хуанхэ в пров. Цинхай называемом Хэнань (не путать с пров. Хэнань). Это пограничная область где вследствие продолжительных контактов между тибетцами и монголами возникла общность со специфическими местными обычаями особенностями языка и социальных отношений. Начальным пунктом в сложении ее этнической и культурной идентичности стало включение в современное китайское государство в 1954 г. за которым последовала и этническая классификация. В результате местное монгольское и тибетское скотоводческое население превратилось в «национальные меньшинства» по отношению к этническим китайцам (ханьцам) а многих тибетцев записали в монголы (кит. мэгу цзу) хотя их соседи и они сами воспринимали себя как тибето-монголов (тиб. Bod Sog). В статье исследуется как насаждаемая государством память создает новое мифологизированное героическое повествование о местном политическом лидере периода превращения управлявшихся монголами степей Хэнани в Хэнань-Монгольский автономный уезд провинции Цинхай в терминах строительства современного китайского государства. Речь идет о последнем цинване и первом руководителе автономного уезда – Таши Церинг (1919/20–1966). В официальных свидетельствах документах «для внутреннего пользования» как и в памяти местного сообщества, Таши Церинг – реабилитированная посмертно жертва Культурной революции – является «этнической героиней» и символом местной «монгольскости». Благодаря Таши Церинг (монг. Даши Цэрен) большинство населения Хэнань-Монгольского автономного уезда конструирует свою монгольскую этническую идентичность. Статья демонстрирует как открытый в 2009 г. Мемориальный дворец-музей цинвана обсуждает и создает смыслы этнической и национальной идентичности. В статье дается обзор представленной в музее местной монгольской истории автономного уезда.

Today’s Henan Mongol Autonomous County is located in the southeastern part of present-day Qinghai Province, in the northeastern part of the Tibetan plateau. This historical pastoral area South of the Yellow River is a border area where, a milieu was created due to the long-term mutual contacts between Tibetans and Mongols, in which specific local customs, language patterns, and social communities have emerged. The initial turning point in their ethnical and cultural identity was the integration into the modern Chinese State in 1954, followed by ethnic classification. Moreover the local pastoral Mongol and Tietan populations have been transformed into minority nationalities is-á-vis the Han Chinese, and many Tibetans even were classified as Mengguzu (Mongols), however, perceived as Tibet-Mongols (Tib. Bod Sog) by themselves and their neighbours. By looking at the outstanding historical figure of Tashi Tsering, the last Mongol qinwang of the Henan grasslands at the Sino-Tibetan borderlands, this paper examines how the people of the Henan grasslands integrate their memory of the local traditional leader into their identity construction, and how they revive their Mongolness despite their seclusion from other Mongol communities.

ЦинхайТаши ЦерингцинванмонгольскостьидентичностьмузейпамятьTashi TseringqinwangMongolnessidentitymuseummemoryБлагодарности Работа над статьей была поддержана проектом Фонда европейского регионального развития ‘Sinophone Bor-derlands – Interaction at the Edges’ (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000791).The work on this paper was supportedy the European Regional Development Fund Project ‘Sinophone Border-lands – Interaction at the Edges’ (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000791).ReferencesChen Zhongyi, Zhou Ta. Labulengsi yu Huangshi jiazu [陈中义, 洲塔。拉卜楞寺与黄氏家族] Labrang Monastery and the Huang Family. Lanzhou, Gansu renmin chubanshe, 1995, 410 p. (in Chin.)Chen Zhongyi, Zhou Ta. Labulengsi yu Huangshi jiazu [陈中义, 洲塔。拉卜楞寺与黄氏家族] Labrang Monastery and the Huang Family. Lanzhou, Gansu renmin chubanshe, 1995, 410 p. (in Chin.)Dhondup Y., Diemberger H. Tashi Tsering: The Last Mongol Queen of Sogpo (Henan). Inner Asia, 2002, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 197–224.Dhondup Y., Diemberger H. Tashi Tsering: The Last Mongol Queen of Sogpo (Henan). Inner Asia, 2002, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 197–224.Delhey M. Views on Suicide in Buddhism: Some Remarks. In: Buddhism and Violence. Lumbini, Lumbini International Research Institute, 2006, pp. 25–64.Delhey M. Views on Suicide in Buddhism: Some Remarks. In: Buddhism and Violence. Lumbini, Lumbini International Research Institute, 2006, pp. 25–64.Denton K. A. Museums, Memorial Sites and Exhibitionary Culture in the People's Republic of China. In: China Quarterly 183 Culture in the Contemporary PRC, 2005, pp. 565–586.Denton K. A. Museums, Memorial Sites and Exhibitionary Culture in the People's Republic of China. In: China Quarterly 183 Culture in the Contemporary PRC, 2005, pp. 565–586.Denton K. A. Exhibiting the Past. Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China. Honolulu, Uni. of Hawai’i Press, 2014, 360 p.Denton K. A. Exhibiting the Past. Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China. Honolulu, Uni. of Hawai’i Press, 2014, 360 p.Diemberger H. Introduction: Mongols and Tibetans. Inner Asia, 2002, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 171–180.Diemberger H. Introduction: Mongols and Tibetans. Inner Asia, 2002, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 171–180.Diemberger H. Festivals and Their Leaders: The Management of Tradition in the Mongolian / Tibetan Borderland. In Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the IATS, 2003, vol. 9: The Mongolia-Tibet Interface, Opening New Research Terrains in Inner Asia. Leiden, Brill, 2007, pp. 109–128.Diemberger H. Festivals and Their Leaders: The Management of Tradition in the Mongolian / Tibetan Borderland. In Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the IATS, 2003, vol. 9: The Mongo-lia-Tibet Interface, Opening New Research Terrains in Inner Asia. Leiden, Brill, 2007, pp. 109–128.Guomaoji. Qianxi ‘modai nu qinwang’ Zhaixi Cairang [果毛吉。浅析 末代女亲王 扎喜才让] Elementary Analyzes in the Last Mongolian Female Qinwang Tashi Tsering. Sichuan minzu xueyuan xuebao 2011, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 21–24. (in Chin.)Guomaoji. Qianxi ‘modai nü qinwang’ Zhaixi Cairang [果毛吉。浅析 末代女亲王 扎喜才让] Elementary Analyzes in the Last Mongolian Female Qinwang Tashi Tsering. Sichuan minzu xueyuan xuebao 2011, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 21–24. (in Chin.)Gyatso J., Havnevik H. (eds.). Women in Tibet. New Delhi, Foundation Books, 2005, 352 p.Gyatso J., Havnevik H. (eds.). Women in Tibet. New Delhi, Foundation Books, 2005, 352 p.Halbwachs M. Das Kollekti e Gedachtnis und Seine Sozialen Bedingungen. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp Verlag, 1985, 398 S.Halbwachs M. Das Kollekti e Gedächtnis und Seine Sozialen Bedingungen. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp Verlag, 1985, 398 S.Han Xinhua (ed.). Fengfan changcun. Qinghai Henan Mengqi qinwang Zhaxi Cairang shiliao xuan [韩新华。风范长存 – 青海河南蒙旗亲王扎喜才让史料选]. Merits Forever. Selected Historical Materials on Qinghai Henan’s qinwang Tashi Tsering. Xining, Qinghai sheng zhengxie xuexi he wenshi weiyuanhui, 2006, 204 p. (in Chin.)Han Xinhua (ed.). Fengfan changcun. Qinghai Henan Mengqi qinwang Zhaxi Cairang shiliao xuan [韩新华。风范长存 – 青海河南蒙旗亲王扎喜才让史料选]. Merits Forever. Selected Histo-rical Materials on Qinghai Henan’s qinwang Tashi Tsering. Xining, Qinghai sheng zhengxie xuexi he wenshi weiyuanhui, 2006, 204 p. (in Chin.)Henan Mengguzu zizhixian gaikuang [河南蒙古族自治县概况]. A Survey of Henan Mongol Autonomous County. Beijing, Renmin chubanshe, 2009, 132 p. (in Chin.)Henan Mengguzu zizhixian gaikuang [河南蒙古族自治县概况]. A Survey of Henan Mongol Autonomous County. Beijing, Renmin chubanshe, 2009, 132 p. (in Chin.)Henan Xian zhi [河南县志] Annals of Henan County. In 2 vols. Lanzhou, Gansu renmin chubanshe, 1996, 1096 p. (in Chin.)Henan Xian zhi [河南县志] Annals of Henan County. In 2 vols. Lanzhou, Gansu renmin chubanshe, 1996, 1096 p. (in Chin.)Huang Shihe (ed.). Yum chen Klu sman Mtsho. Lanmancuo [黄世和。兰曼措]. The Great Mother Klu Man Tsho. Lanmancuo. Xian, Qinghai Henan mengguzu zizhixian zhengxie, 2008, 92 p. (in Chin. and Tib.)Huang Shihe (ed.). Yum chen Klu sman Mtsho. Lanmancuo [黄世和。兰曼措]. The Great Mother Klu Man Tsho. Lanmancuo. Xian, Qinghai Henan mengguzu zizhixian zhengxie, 2008, 92 p. (in Chin. and Tib.)Huang Zhengqing. A blo spun mched kyi rnam thar [Biography of A Pa Alo]. Beijing, Minzu chubanshe, 1994, 345 p. (in Tib.)Huang Zhengqing. A blo spun mched kyi rnam thar [Biography of A Pa Alo]. Beijing, Minzu chubanshe, 1994, 345 p. (in Tib.)Kato N. Lo jang Danjin’s Re ellion of 1723: With a Focus on the Eve of the Rebellion. Acta Asiatica, 1993, vol. 64, pp. 57–80.Kato N. Lo jang Danjin’s Re ellion of 1723: With a Focus on the Eve of the Rebellion. Acta Asiatica, 1993, vol. 64, pp. 57–80.Khan A. Chinggis Khan: From Imperial Ancestor to Ethnic Hero. In: Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers. Seattle, Uni. of Washington Press, 1995, pp. 247–277.Khan A. Chinggis Khan: From Imperial Ancestor to Ethnic Hero. In: Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers. Seattle, Uni. of Washington Press, 1995, pp. 247–277.Nietupski P. Labrang Monastery. A Tibetan Buddhist Community on the Inner Asian Borderlands, 1709–1958. Lanham, Lexington Books, 2011, 306 p.Nietupski P. Labrang Monastery. A Tibetan Buddhist Community on the Inner Asian Borderlands, 1709–1958. Lanham, Lexington Books, 2011, 306 p.Petech L. Notes on Tibetan History of the 18th Century. T’oung Pao, 1966, vol. 52, no. 4/5, pp. 261–292.Petech L. Notes on Tibetan History of the 18th Century. T’oung Pao, 1966, vol. 52, no. 4/5, pp. 261–292.Perdue P. C. China Marches West. The Qing Conquest of China. Cambridge, Harvard Uni. Press, 2005, 725 p.Perdue P. C. China Marches West. The Qing Conquest of China. Cambridge, Harvard Uni. Press, 2005, 725 p.Rock J. F. The Amnye Ma-Chen Range and Adjacent Region. Rome, Institutio Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1957, 194 p.Rock J. F. The Amnye Ma-Chen Range and Adjacent Region. Rome, Institutio Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1957, 194 p.Rohlf G. Building New China, Colonizing Kokonor. Resettlement to Qinghai in the 1950s. Lanham, Lexington Books, 2016, 308 p.Rohlf G. Building New China, Colonizing Kokonor. Resettlement to Qinghai in the 1950s. Lanham, Lexington Books, 2016, 308 p.Romanovsky W. Die Kriege des Qing-Kaisers Kangxi gegen den Oiratenfursten Galden. Wien, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1998, 289 p.Romanovsky W. Die Kriege des Qing-Kaisers Kangxi gegen den Oiratenfürsten Galden. Wien, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1998, 289 p.Sa Renna. Shehui hudong zhong de minzu rentong jiangou – Guanyu Qinghai sheng Henan Mengguzu rentong wenti de diaocha baogao [萨仁娜。社会互动中的民族认 同建构 – 关于青海省河南蒙古族认同问题的调查报告] Social Interaction in Terms of the Ethnic Identity Issue. A Field Report of Henan Mongols in Qinghai. Beijing, Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe, 2011, 193 p. (in Chin.)Sa Renna. Shehui hudong zhong de minzu rentong jiangou – Guanyu Qinghai sheng Henan Mengguzu rentong wenti de diaocha baogao [萨仁娜。社会互动中的民族认 同建构 – 关于青海省河南蒙古族认同问题的调查报告] Social Interaction in Terms of the Ethnic Identity Issue. A Field Report of Henan Mongols in Qinghai. Beijing, Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe, 2011, 193 p. (in Chin.)Shi Lun. Xibei Ma jiajun fa shi [师纶。西北马家军阀史] The Powerful History of the Ma Warlords. Lanzhou, Gansu renmin chubanshe, 2007, 448 p. (in Chin.)Shi Lun. Xibei Ma jiajun fa shi [师纶。西北马家军阀史] The Powerful History of the Ma Warlords. Lanzhou, Gansu renmin chubanshe, 2007, 448 p. (in Chin.)Sneath D. Changing Inner Mongolia: Pastoral Mongolian Society and the Chinese State. Oxford, Oxford Uni. Press, 2000, 320 p.Sneath D. Changing Inner Mongolia: Pastoral Mongolian Society and the Chinese State. Oxford, Oxford Uni. Press, 2000, 320 p.Roche G. The Tibetanization of Henan’s Mongols: Ethnicity and Assimilation on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier. Asian Ethnicity, 2015, vol. 17, pp. 128–149.Roche G. The Tibetanization of Henan’s Mongols: Ethnicity and Assimilation on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier. Asian Ethnicity, 2015, vol. 17, pp. 128–149.Wallenböck U. Marginalisation at China’s Multi-Ethnic Frontier: The Mongols of Henan Mongolian Autonomous County in Qinghai Province. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 2016, vol. 45, pp. 149–182.Wallenböck U. Marginalisation at China’s Multi-Ethnic Frontier: The Mongols of Henan Mongo-lian Autonomous County in Qinghai Province. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 2016, vol. 45, pp. 149–182.Wallenböck U. Cultural and Educational Dimension of the Silk Road : The Re-invention of Mongolness in Qinghai Province, PR China. Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies, 2019a, vol. 11, pp. 31–59.Wallenböck U. Cultural and Educational Dimension of the Silk Road : The Reinvention of Mongolness in Qinghai Province, PR China. Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies, 2019a, vol. 11, pp. 31–59.Wallenböck U. Die Bevölkerung im Sino-Tibetischen Grenzgebiet : Identitätskonstruktion der Tibet-Mongolen. Münster, Aschendorff Verlag, 2019b, 272 S.Wallenböck U. Die Beölkerung am Sino-Tietischen Grenzgeiet. Identitätskonstruktion der Tibet-Mongolen. Münster, Aschendorff Verlag, 2019b, 272 S.Yang Ho-chin. Annals of Kokonor by Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Paljor. Bloomington, Indiana Uni. Press, 1967, 125 p. (Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 106)Yang Ho-chin. Annals of Kokonor by Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Paljor. Bloomington, Indiana Uni. Press, 1967, 125 p. (Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 106)Zhuocang Cairang (ed.). Huang He Nan Menggu Zhi [卓仓才让。黄河南蒙古志]. Annals of the Mongols South of the Yellow River. Lanzhou, Gansu minzu chubanshe, 2010, 584 p. (in Chin.)Zhuocang Cairang (ed.). Huang He Nan Menggu Zhi [卓仓才让。黄河南蒙古志]. Annals of the Mongols South of the Yellow River. Lanzhou, Gansu minzu chubanshe, 2010, 584 p. (in Chin.)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.