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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nguhist</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-7919</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Novosibirsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nguhist-1874</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АРХЕОЛОГИЯ И ЭТНОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Культурная мозаика среднего палеолита Западного Тянь-Шаня: стоянка Куксарай 2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cultural Mosaic of the Middle Paleolithic in Western Tien Shan: Kuksarai-2 Site</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-2077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленок</surname><given-names>Константин Константинович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenok</surname><given-names>Konstantin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlenok-k@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-9587</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Когай</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogai</surname><given-names>Sergei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (History), Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kogai@irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сосин</surname><given-names>Петр Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosin</surname><given-names>Petr</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosin.paleosol@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-7736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатов</surname><given-names>Егор Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatov</surname><given-names>Egor</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egor_filatov_1992@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-3875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деревнина</surname><given-names>Алена Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derevnina</surname><given-names>Alyona</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Assistant</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fjellvarrulv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-9236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петржик</surname><given-names>Наталья Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrzhik</surname><given-names>Natalia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrzhik.nat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-6202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанов</surname><given-names>Реджеп Нурмурадович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanov</surname><given-names>Redzhep</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат географических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Geography), Leading Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roger.kurbanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-0041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухтаров</surname><given-names>Гайратхон Арсланович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhtarov</surname><given-names>Gayratkhon</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gayratxon75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-3438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошапкин</surname><given-names>Андрей Иннокентьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshapkin</surname><given-names>Andrei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, член-корреспондент РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (History), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krivoshapkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН&#13;
Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences&#13;
Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт водных проблем, гидроэнергетики и экологии НАН РТ&#13;
Душанбе, Таджикистан</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН&#13;
Институт проблем экологии и эволюции имени А. Н. Северцова РАН&#13;
Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences&#13;
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН&#13;
Институт географии РАН&#13;
Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences&#13;
Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр археологии Академии наук Республики Узбекистан</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Center of Archaeology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>1874</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павленок К.К., Когай С.А., Сосин П.М., Филатов Е.А., Деревнина А.С., Петржик Н.М., Курбанов Р.Н., Мухтаров Г.А., Кривошапкин А.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павленок К.К., Когай С.А., Сосин П.М., Филатов Е.А., Деревнина А.С., Петржик Н.М., Курбанов Р.Н., Мухтаров Г.А., Кривошапкин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlenok K., Kogai S., Sosin P., Filatov E., Derevnina A., Petrzhik N., Kurbanov R., Mukhtarov G., Krivoshapkin A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1874">https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1874</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты</p><p>исследований стоянки Куксарай-2 (предгорья Западного Тянь-Шаня, восточный Узбекистан) по данным Траншеи 1 2023 г. Совместно с материалами Раскопов 1 и 2 2023 г., опубликованными ранее, индустрия Куксарая-2 характеризуется сочетанием признаков мустьерского, пластинчатого и сельунгурского технокомплексов. Предварительно, основываясь на абсолютных ОСЛ-датировках для вышележащих слоев, возраст древнейших культурных седиментов Куксарая-2 соотносится со временем МИС-5. Мозаичность технологических характеристик, предполагаемый возраст и окружающий контекст синхронных региональных палеолитических ансамблей (круг обирахматских и пре-обирахматских пластинчатых индустрий, тешиктакские и сельунгурские отщеповые комплексы) позволяют рассматривать данные материалы как проявление археологического фронтира – феномена конкурентного сосуществования неандертеальских популяций и сообществ человека современного анатомического вида на одной территории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. The term “archaeological frontier” was first applied to the Western Tien Shan about 10 years ago to explain the phenomenon of the early appearance of microblade knapping in the Middle Paleolithic industries. Analyzing the Obi-Rakhmat and Kulbulak collections with materials from other synchronous sites in the region, it was suggested that the Western Pamir-Tien Shan could be a zone of competition between the ecdemic population (blade technology bearers) and the autochthonous group (Neanderthals, bearers of Teshiktash-type industries). The paper deals with such composing technocomplex of Kuksarai-2 (based on materials of Trench 1 excavated in 2023).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It has been established that materials of Kuksarai-2 consist mosaic features such as Mousterian (Teshiktash-like) primary knapping for flakes, rare blade technology evidence, and presence of specific types referred to Selungurian technocomplex (Tayacian points, Selungurian side-scrapers). Preliminary the lower cultural sediments of Kuksarai-2 could be dated with MIS-5 time.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The first results of studies of Kuksaray-2 allow us to suggest that the upper reaches of Akhangaran valley were inhabited by Teshiktash tradition bearers in MIS-5 (~130–74 ka BP) when hunan groups with blade technology occupied Obi-Rakhmat and Kulbulak. At the same time, the presence of specific tool types in the most ancient complexes of Kuksarai-2 can be interpreted as the intrusion of Selungurian cultural impulses from neighboring territories into the region also in MIS-5. The mosaic nature of Kuksaray-2 industry is an important argument in favor of recognizing the territory of the western Tien Shan low mountains as a frontier zone in the Middle Paleolithic.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Западный Тянь-Шань</kwd><kwd>стратиграфия</kwd><kwd>каменная индустрия</kwd><kwd>средний палеолит</kwd><kwd>археологический фронтир</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Western Tien Shan</kwd><kwd>stratigraphy</kwd><kwd>lithic industry</kwd><kwd>Middle Paleolithic</kwd><kwd>archaeological frontier</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Раскопочные работы и стратиграфическое описание выполнены при поддержке гранта РНФ № 22-18-00568 «Первоначальное заселение человеком Средней Азии: археология, хронология, палеогеография лессового палеолита»; технико-типологическое описание археологического материала выполнено по проекту НИР ИАЭТ СО РАН № FWZG-2022-0008 «Центральная Азия в древности: археологические культуры каменного века в условиях меняющейся природной среды».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Field and stratigraphic researches were supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation grant no. 22-18-00568 “Initial Human Settlement of Central Asia: Archeology, Chronology, Paleogeography of the Loess Paleolithic”, analysis of archaeological materials – research program FWZG-2022-0008 “Central Asia in Antiquity: Archaeological Cultures of the Stone Age in a Changing Natural Environment”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Деревянко А.П., Кривошапкин А.И., Анойкин А.А., Исламов У.И., Петрин В.Т., Сайфуллаев Б.К., Сулейманов Р.Х. 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