nguhistВестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филологияVestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology1818-7919Novosibirsk State University10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-3-62-73nguhist-1916Research ArticleАРХЕОЛОГИЯ ЕВРАЗИИARCHAEOLOGY OF EURASIAПалеолитическая культура нгуом Северного ВьетнамаPaleolithic Nguom Culture of Northern Vietnamhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-9121КандыбаА. В.KandybaA. V.

Кандыба Александр Викторович, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Alexander V. Kandyba, Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior Researcher

Novosibirsk

arhkandyba@gmail.comНгуенКхак ШуNguyenKhac Su

Нгуен Кхак Шу, доктор наук (PhD), научный сотрудник

Ханой

Nguyen Khac Su, PhD, Researcher

Hanoi

khacsukc@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-7480ЧехаА. М.ChekhaA. M.

Чеха Андрей Михайлович, младший научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Andrey M. Chekha, Junior Researcher

Novosibirsk

chekhandrej@yandex.ruНгуенЗа ДойNguyenGia Doi

Нгуен За Дой, доктор наук (PhD), научный сотрудник института

Ханой

Nguyen Gia Doi, PhD, Researcher

Hanoi

doitrong@hotmail.comИнститут археологии и этнографии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут археологии Вьетнамской академии общественных наукВьетнамInstitute of Archeology of the Vietnam Academy of Social SciencesViet Nam2024220320242336273Copyright © Кандыба А.В., Нгуен К.Ш., Чеха А.М., Нгуен З.Д., 20242024Кандыба А.В., Нгуен К.Ш., Чеха А.М., Нгуен З.Д.Kandyba A.V., Nguyen K.S., Chekha A.M., Nguyen G.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1916

Представлены результаты технико-типологического анализа скального навеса Нгуом, давшего название одноименной палеолитической культуре Северного Вьетнама. Формулировка и фактическое наполнение понятия «нгуом», бытовавшие ранее в отечественной историографии, на данный момент являются некорректными. Цель статьи – характеристика каменной индустрии опорного памятника Нгуом и сопоставление данного комплекса с подобными палеолитическими комплексами сопредельных территорий. Установлено, что техника первичного расщепления соответствует типичным галечным комплексам Юго-Восточной Азии, но специфика оформления основной части орудийного набора на отщепах среднего и мелкого размера существенно отличает культуру нгуом от последующих и не обусловлена сырьевой базой. Возникновение данной культуры, возможно, связано с миграцией новой человеческой популяции из Южного Китая, на территории которого обнаружены подобные археологические памятники.

Purpose

Purpose. In North Vietnam, the Nguomian culture has been distinguished, which is characterized by the predominance of flake tools in the techno-typological complex. This industry dates back to the second half of the Upper Pleistocene, preceding the previously identified Sonvian and Hoabinhian. The purpose of this study is to determine the technical and typological characteristics of one of the key monuments of the Nguom industry – the Nguom Rockshelter. For this purpose, a technical and typological analysis of the collection of stone products obtained as a result of excavations in 1981–1982 was carried out.

Results

Results. In 2023, 4 589 artifacts of the Nguom Rockshelter were processed, of which 2 437 items were medium and small flakes and 1 284 fragments. The primary splitting of archaeological material is dominated by parallel cores (35 specimens), there are variants of unsystematic (12 specimens) and radial (8 specimens) cores, many core-like fragments (121 specimens). The tool set is represented by a large number of side-scrapers made of flakes and pebbles (22 specimens), retouched flakes with ventral undercut (43 specimens), choppers (25 specimens), adze-shaped objects (6 specimens), and fragmented axes (9 specimens), notched tools (5 copies). There are 25 punctures, 9 checks. Notched tools were mentioned earlier, but a group of artifacts (9 specimens) made of medium flakes should be separately distinguished. The number of single side scrapers is 10 pieces. Of interest is the category of rectangular scrapers with retouching on ¾ of the perimeter, numbering six objects. A series of oval scrapers (10 specimens) is close in shape. End and double scrapers have 52 items. The stone industry of the Nguom Rockshelter can be defined as a flake industry with medium and small tools.

Conclusion

Conclusion. In the Late Paleolithic in southern China and Vietnam, both pebble and flake industries coexisted. As in Vietnam, flake complexes are sporadic in South China. These sites are characterized by a large number of tools made of small and medium flakes, simple parallel splitting without preliminary preparation, and the predominance of scrapers in the tool set. The manifestation of the Nguom culture can presumably be considered as a result of the mixing of the alien population in the territory of Southern China and Northern Vietnam with the local original culture in the late Pleistocene.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.