<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nguhist</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-7919</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Novosibirsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-3-122-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nguhist-1921</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ЕВРАЗИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARCHAEOLOGY OF EURASIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бердыши из собраний Тобольского музея-заповедника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bardiches in the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve Collection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7733-7504</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балюнов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balyunov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Валерьевич Балюнов, кандидат исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Тобольск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Balyunov, Candidate of Sciences (History), Leading Researcher</p><p>Tobolsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balyunoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тобольский историко-архитектурный музей-заповедник</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балюнов И.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балюнов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balyunov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1921">https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1921</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены два бердыша из фондов Тобольского музея-заповедника. Они принадлежат к двум разным типам, которые являются наиболее распространенными как в Западной Сибири, так и в Московском государстве в XVII в. Ярким отличием тобольских экспонатов является декоративное оформление, которое имеет мало аналогий. Установлено, что в письменных источниках использование бердышей в Западной Сибири фиксируется только с 70-х гг. XVII в. Сделанный анализ показывает, что за Урал они поступали преимущественно за счет централизованных поставок из Москвы. Однако некоторое количество этого оружия ввозилось в частном порядке. В Сибири бердыши могли изготавливаться даже в сельских кузницах. О популярности этого оружия свидетельствует находка тобольского изразца конца XVII в., где присутствует фигурка воина, вооруженного бердышем. В период правления Петра I бердыши все еще находятся в арсенале регулярных армейских частей, хотя уже выходят из употребления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. This article presents the analysis of two bardiches stored in the weapon collection of the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Further study of bardiches should be based on a complete accounting and classification of such weapons stored, primarily, in museums. Bardiches in the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve collection belong to two different types, which are most common both in Western Siberia and in the Moscow state in 17th century. A characteristic feature of the Tobolsk exhibits is the decorative design, which has few analogies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In written sources, the use of bardiches in Western Siberia was recorded in 1670s. Bardiches were in service with dragoon regiments, and were delivered to Siberia as part of centralized supplies from Moscow. In Siberia bardiches could be produced in rural forges, although in limited quantities. Some bardiches were delivered to Siberia privately. Tobolsk Museum houses ceramic tiles of the late 17th century. On the tile there is a picture of a warrior armed with a bardiche. During the reforms of Peter I bardiches were in service with Russian army, but at the beginning of the 18th century this weapon gradually became obsolete.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бердыш</kwd><kwd>Тобольск</kwd><kwd>XVII в.</kwd><kwd>оружие</kwd><kwd>музей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bardiche</kwd><kwd>Tobolsk</kwd><kwd>17th century</kwd><kwd>weapon</kwd><kwd>museum</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багрин Е. А. Военное дело русских на восточном пограничье России в XVII в.: тактика и вооружение служилых людей в Прибайкалье, Забайкалье и Приамурье. СПб.: Нестор-История, 2013. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagrin Е. A. Voennoe delo russkikh na vostochnom pogranich'e Rossii v XVII v. [Russian military Affairs on the Eastern border of Russia in the 17 th century]. In: Taktika i vooruzhenie sluzhilykh lyudei v Pribaikal'e, Zabaikal'e i Priamur'e [Tactics and weapons of serving people in the Baikal region, Transbaikal'a and Amur region]. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2013, 288 p. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балюнов И. В. Археологические свидетельства влияния Северо-Восточной Руси на материальную культуру населения города Тобольска конца XVI – XVII в. // Вестник Том. гос. ун-та. История. 2016. № 5 (43). С. 67–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balyunov I. V. Arkheologicheskie svidetel'stva vliyaniya Severo-Vostochnoi Rusi na material'nuyu kul'turu naseleniya goroda Tobol'ska kontsa XVI – XVII v. [Archaeological evidence of the influence of the North-Eastern Russia on the material culture of the population of the town Tobolsk at in the end of 16 th – 17 th centuries]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya [Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. History], 2016, vol. 5 (43), pp. 67–71. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балюнов И. В. Асимметричный топор из фондов Тобольского музея-заповедника // Вестник НГУ. Серия: История, филология. 2021. Т. 20, № 5: Археология и этнография. С. 104–114. DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-5-104-114</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balyunov I. V. An Asymmetric Axe from the Collections of the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2021, vol. 20, no. 5: Archaeology and Ethnography, pp. 104–114. (in Russ.) DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-5-104-114</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бауло А. В. Атрибутика и миф: металл в обрядах обских угров. Новосибирск: Изд-во ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2004. 157 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baulo A. V. Atributika i mif: metall v obryadakh obskikh ugrov [Attributes and myth: metal in the rituals of the Ob Ugrians]. Novosibirsk, IAE SB RAS Publ., 2004, 157 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобров Л. А. Русские бердыши и «топорки» из сибирских музеев и проблема применения длиннодревкового ударно-рубящего оружия в Сибири в XVII веке // Вестник НГУ. Серия: История, филология. 2011. Т. 10, № 7: Археология и этнография. С. 300–307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bobrov L. A. Russkie berdyshi i “toporki” iz sibirskikh muzeev i problema primeneniya dlinno-drevkovogo udarno-rubyashchego oruzhiya v Sibiri v XVII veke [Russian poleaxes and small axes from Siberian museums and the problem of application of long-hafted stroking and slashing weapons in Siberia in the 17 th century]. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2011, vol. 10, no. 7: Archaeology and Ethnography, pp. 300–307. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буров В. А. Бердыши XVII в. из раскопок Соловецкого монастыря // КСИА. 2019. Вып. 255. С. 277–286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burov V. A. Berdyshi XVII v. iz raskopok soloveckogo monastyrya [Poleaxes of the 17 th century from the excavations of the Solovetsky monastery]. Brief reports of the Institute of Archaeology, 2019, vol. 255, pp. 277–286. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Висковатов А. В. Историческое описание одежды и вооружения российских войск: с рисунками, составленное по Высочайшему повелению. 2-е изд. СПб.: Изд. Главнаго интендантскаго упр., 1899. Ч. 2. 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chubinsky A. N. O russkikh berdyshakh [About Russian poleaxes]. In: Voina i oruzhie: noveishie issledovaniya i materialy [War and weapons: new research and materials]. Proceedings of the Eighth International scientific and practical conference. St. Petersburg, 2017, vol. 4, pp. 492–518. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов Д. А. К вопросу о происхождении и бытовании бердышей в России XVII века // История военного дела: исследования и источники. 2012. Т. 2. С. 456–478. URL: http://www.milhist.info/2012/10/05/vlasov (дата обращения 05.10.2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dmitriev A. V. Voiska “novogo stroya” v Sibiri vo vtoroi polovine XVII veka [Troops of the New Order in Siberia in the Second Half of the 17 th Century]. Novosibirsk, NSU Press, 2008, 240 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Двуреченский О. В. Холодное оружие Московского государства XV–XVII вв. Тула: Изд-во Гос. музея-заповедника «Куликово поле», 2015. 498 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drevny gorod na Obi: istoriya Surguta (K 400-letiyu goroda) [The ancient city on the Ob: the history of Surgut (To the 400 th anniversary of the town)]. Ekaterinburg, Tezis Publ, 1994, 325 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дмитриев А. В. Войска «нового строя» в Сибири во второй половине XVII века. Новосибирск: Изд-во НГУ, 2008. 240 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dvurechensky O. V. Kholodnoe oruzhie Moskovskogo gosudarstva XV–XVII vv. [Cold weapons of the Moscow state 15 th – 17 th centuries]. Tula, State Museum Reserve “Kulikovo pole” Publ., 2015, 498 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Древний город на Оби: история Сургута [К 400-летию города]. Екатеринбург: Тезис, 1994. 325 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermak – gordost' Rossii: kratky istorichesky spravochnik [Ermak is the pride of Russia: a brief historical reference]. Tyumen, Tyumen State Uni. Press, 2016, 346 pp. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eрмак – гордость России: краткий исторический справочник. Тюмень: Изд-во Тюмен. гос. ун-та, 2016. 346 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letin S. A. XVII stoletie. Strelets [17 th century. Sagittarius]. Imperiya, 2002. no. 2 (2), pp. 12–18. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Летин С. А. XVII столетие. Стрелец // Империя. 2002. № 2 (2). С. 12–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lytkin N. A. Arkheologicheskii otdel Tobol'skogo gubernskogo muzeya [The Archaeological Department of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum]. Tobolsk, Tobolsk provincial government Publ., 1890, 17 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лыткин Н. А. Археологический отдел Тобольского губернского музея. Тобольск: Тип. Тобольского губернского правления, 1890. 17 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pisarev A. E. Berdyshi russkoi pekhoty. Seredina – vtoraya polovina XVII veka [Poleaxes of the Russian infantry. Mid – second half of the 17 th century]. Armii i bitvy, 2008, no. 9, pp. 15–29. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Писарев А. Е. Бердыши русской пехоты. Середина – вторая половина XVII века // Армии и битвы. 2008. № 9. С. 15–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzanov V. D. Politika russkogo gosudarstva po snabzheniyu uezdov Sibiri oruzhiem v XVII v. [The policy of the Russian state to supply the counties of Siberia with weapons in the 17 th century]. Istorichesky format, 2016, no. 4 (8), pp. 106–123. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузанов В. Д. Политика русского государства по снабжению уездов Сибири оружием в XVII в. // Исторический формат. 2016. № 4 (8). С. 106–123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozenfeldt R. L. Moskovskoe keramicheskoe proizvodstvo XII–XVII vv. [Moscow ceramic production of the 12–17 th centuries]. Moscow, 1968, 124 p. (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochikov [Сollection of archaeological sources], iss. E1-39) (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розенфельдт Р. Л. Московское керамическое производство XII–XVII вв. М.: Наука, 1968. 124 с. (САИ. Вып. Е1-39)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shults L. R. Kratkoe soobshchenie ob ekskursii na reku Salym Surgutskago uezda [A brief message about the excursion to the Salym River of Surgut county]. Ezhegodnik Tobo'lskogo Gubernskogo Muzeya [A Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum], 1913, vol. 21. pp. 1–17. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чубинский А. Н. О русских бердышах // Война и оружие: новые исследования и материалы: Тр. VIII Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. СПб.: Изд-во ВИМАИВиВС, 2017. Ч. 4. С. 492–518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchit i mech Otchizny. Oruzhie Urala s drevneishih vremen do nashih dnei [Shield and sword of the Fatherland. Weapons of the Urals from ancient times to the present day]. Ekaterinburg, Raritet Publ., 2008, 464 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шульц Л. Р. Краткое сообщение об экскурсии на реку Салым Сургутскаго уезда // ЕТГИ. 1913. Вып. 21. С. 1–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viskovatov A. V. Istoricheskoe opisanie odezhdy i vooruzheniya rossiiskikh voisk: s risunkami, sostavlennoe po Vysochaishemu poveleniyu [Historical Description of the Clothing and Weapons of the Russian Troops, Illustrated, Compiled by the Highest Command]. St. Petersburg, Glavnoe intendantskoe upravlenie Publ., 1899, pt. 2, 24 p. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щит и меч Отчизны. Оружие Урала с древнейших времен до наших дней. Екатеринбург: Раритет, 2008. 464 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov D. A. K voprosu o proiskhozhdenii i bytovanii berdyshei v Rossii XVII veka [On the question of the origin and existence of the Berdysh in Russia of the 17 th century]. In: Istoriya voennogo dela: issledovaniya i istochniki [History of military affairs: studies and sources].2012, vol. 2, pp. 456–478. (in Russ.) URL: http://www.milhist.info/2012/10/05/vlasov (accessed 05.10.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
