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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nguhist</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1818-7919</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Novosibirsk State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-8-23-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nguhist-773</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОССИЙСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RUSSIAN HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Об эсхатологии и религиозности населения России в XVII веке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Eschatology and Religiosity of the People in Russia in the 17th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-2018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурьянова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurianova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Сергеевна Гурьянова, доктор исторических наук, профессор</p><p>Scopus 57222243564 </p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya S. Gurianova, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor </p><p>Scopus 57222243564 </p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gurian@academ.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт истории Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гурьянова Н.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гурьянова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gurianova N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/773">https://nguhist.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/773</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию религиозности населения России в XVII в. Обращение к анализу эволюции эсхатологического учения на Руси предоставило возможность сделать вывод о том, что после периода Смуты Русская церковь с целью преодолеть духовный кризис в обществе способствовала обострению внимания паствы к вопросам о конечных судьбах мира и человека. Церковная реформа, начатая патриархом Никоном, была воспринята частью общества как проявление признаков наступления царства антихриста. Это вполне объясняется тем, что для защитников старого обряда была характерна религиозность средневекового типа. Обращение к творческому наследию патриарха Никона периода его ссылки позволило сделать вывод, что и он, пытаясь доказать несправедливость лишения его патриаршего достоинства, тоже апеллировал к эсхатологическому учению. В статье показано, что не только для противников церковной реформы, но и для реформаторов характерна была религиозность средневекового типа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article studies the religiosity of Russian population in the 17th century in order to find out the type of this state of public mind. Special attention is drawn to the acuteness of eschatological expectations in society, which intensified during periods of crises. After the Time of Troubles (Smuta), the Church, trying to bring society out of the spiritual crisis, had been exploiting the “end of the world” topic through publishing relevant texts. This trend was especially noticeable during the time of Patriarch Joseph. The decision of the Moscow Printing House (Pechatnyi Dvor) to extend the amount of eschatological publications was determined not only by the direction of church policy, but also by the request in society, the desire of the population to get a more complete picture of the Christian teaching about the ultimate destinies of the world and man, since the spiritual crisis had presupposed an increase of apocalyptic moods. This desire indicates that the population was characterized by the religiosity of the medieval type. The article scrutinizes in particular the 2nd half of the 17th century, which modern researchers rightly designate as the early Modern era. In a society with such a keen perception of the time, the church reform, initiated in the middle of the century by Patriarch Nikon, was naturally not supported by a part of the population. In the interpretation of the defenders of the Old Belief, the actions of the reformers turned into clear signs of the advent of the kingdom of Antichrist, as it was prophesied in Christian teaching. It was not some peculiarity of the worldview of the opponents of church reform, their behavior adjusted the religiosity of the epoch. To justify this thoughts the position of Patriarch Nikon could be mentioned. Nikon found himself in a situation of disapproval and, arguing to be wrongfully convicted and misunderstood, he also used the eschatological doctrine. Based on the analysis of such facts, the article concludes that the 2nd half of the 17th century was characterized by religiosity of the medieval type.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Русская церковь</kwd><kwd>XVII в.</kwd><kwd>религиозность</kwd><kwd>эсхатология</kwd><kwd>реформа</kwd><kwd>раскол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian Church</kwd><kwd>17th century</kwd><kwd>religiosity</kwd><kwd>eschatology</kwd><kwd>reform</kwd><kwd>schism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А. И. Под знаком конца времен. Очерки русской религиозности конца XIV – начала XVI в. СПб.: Алетейя, 2002. 352 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev A. I. Pod znakom kontsa vremen. Ocherki russkoi religioznosti kontsa XIV – nachala XVI v. [Under the Sign of the End Times. 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