The Use of the Horse Phalanx by the Chiyalik Culture Population Based on the Materials of the Settlement of Yabalakly-1 (South Urals)
https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-5-129-142
Abstract
The paper presents data obtained during the tracological analysis of the tools complex made of horse bone, probably related to the leather industry. They were discovered during the excavations of the late Medieval settlement of Yabalakly-1 in the middle reaches of the Dema River (Southern Urals) in 2023. 7 intact bone products were examined. As a result, a group of polished second phalanges of the horse was identified and described in detail. The general and specific features of the manufacture of each product, their functional affiliation and features of use were determined. The artifacts were studied using an MBS-9 binocular microscope and an Andonstar AD208 digital microscope with an 8.5-inch screen. The results presented in the work reflect the possibilities of an integrated approach to the study of the second phalanges of a horse, including typological, technological, and tracological methods.
Supporting agencies: The research was carried out with the support of the Russian National Science Foundation grant no. 23-78-10057 “Dynamics of cultural development and development of the Southern Urals from antiquity to becoming part of Russia (4th century BC – 16th century): interdisciplinary archaeological research”.
About the Authors
E. V. Ruslanov
Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Evgeny V. Ruslanov, Candidate of Sciences (History), Associate Professor
Scopus Author ID 57211030333; WoS Researcher ID HGT-7013-2022; RSCI Author ID 788431
Ufa
E. A. Akhmetova
Bashkir State Art Museum named after M. V. Nesterov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina A. Akhmetova, Art Restorer
RSCI Author ID 1098261
Ufa
A. V. Kisagulov
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Anton V. Kisagulov, Junior Researcher
Scopus Author ID 57200101823; WoS Researcher ID ABF-1804-2020; RSCI Author ID 1091354
Yekaterinburg
References
1. Berezin A. Yu., Berezina N. S. Rezul'taty izucheniya osteologicheskogo materiala stoyanki-mas terskoi Sholma I (po itogam raskopok 2007 g.). [Results of the study of osteological material from the Sholma I workshop site (based on the results of excavations in 2007)]. In: Srednee Povolzh'e i Ural: chelovek i priroda v drevnosti. Sbornik nauchnykh statei, posvyashchennyi 75-letiyu d.i.n. Evgeniya Petrovicha Kazakova [Middle Volga region and the Urals: man and nature in ancient times. Collection of scientific articles dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Doctor of History Evgeniy Petrovich Kazakova]. Kazan, Fen AN RT Publ., 2009, рр. 113–128. (in Russ.)
2. Borodovsky A. P. Priznaki razmyagcheniya iskhodnogo syr’ya pri izgotovlenii kostyanykh i ro govykh predmetov v epokhu metallov [Signs of softening of raw materials in the manufacture of bone and horn objects in the age of metals]. In: Tekhnicheskii i social’nyi progress v epokhu pervobytnoobshhinnogo stroya (informatsionnye materialy) [Technical and social progress in the era of primitive communal system (information materials)]. Sverdlovsk, Institute of History and Archaeology Publ., 1989, pp. 23–25. (in Russ.)
3. Borodovsky A. P. Drevnee kostoreznoe delo yuga Zapadnoi Sibiri (vtoraya polovina II tys. do n. e. – pervaya polovina II tys. n. e.) [Ancient bone-cutting in the south of Western Siberia (the second half of the 2nd millennium BC – the first half of the 2nd millennium AD)]. Novosibirsk, IAE SB RAS Publ., 1997, 224 p. (in Russ.)
4. Borodovsky A. P. Metodika issledovaniya drevnego kostoreznogo proizvodstva [Research methodology of ancient bone-cutting production]. Novosibirsk, NSU Press, 2008, 102 p. (in Russ.)
5. Buc N., Loponte D. Bone Tool Types and Microwear Patterns: Some Examples from the Pampa Region, South America. Bones as Tools: Current Methods and Interpretations in Worked Bone Studies. Bones as Tools: Current Methods and Interpretations in Worked Bone Studies. Eds. C. Gates St-Pierre, R. B. Walker. British Archaeological Reports, 2007, vol. 1622, pp. 143– 157.
6. Fedoruk A. S., Valkov I. A. Orudiya kozhevennogo proizvodstva poseleniya Zharkovo-3 [Tannery tools from the Zharkovo-3 settlement]. Izvestiya Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [News of Altai State University], 2015, no. 4-2, рр. 229–234. (in Russ.)
7. Flerova V. E. Reznaya kost' yugo-vostoka Evropy IX–XII vv. [Carved bone of south-eastern Europe 9th – 12th centuries]. St. Petersburg, Aleteiya, 2001, 254 р. (in Russ.)
8. Grushin S. P., Valkov I. A. Osobennosti izgotovleniya i ispol'zovaniya kostyanykh orudii v ko zhevennom dele naseleniya eluninskoi kul'tury [Peculiarities of the manufacture and use of bone tools in tanning by the population of the Elunin culture]. Izvestiya Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta [News of Altai State University], 2014, рр. 68–73. (in Russ.)
9. Kileynikov V. V. Obrabotka shkur i vydelka kozhi u naseleniya epokhi bronzy v lesostepnom Podon’e [Processing of hides and leather dressing among the population of the Bronze Age in the forest-steppe region]. Arkheologiya vostochnoevropeiskoi lesostepi [Archeology of the Eastern European forest steppe]. Voronezh, Voronezh State Uni. Press, 2009. pp. 96–113. (in Russ.)
10. Kiryushin K. Yu., Kosintsev P. A., Makarevich Sh., Tolpeko I. V. Ispol'zovanie falang bykov naseleniem Severnoi Kulundy v eneolite (po materialam poseleniya Novoil'inka-VI). [The use of bull phalanxes by the population of Northern Kulunda in the Eneolithic (based on materials from the Novoilinka-VI settlement)]. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya “Istoricheskie nauki” [Bulletin of Omsk University. Series “Historical Sciences”], 2022, vol. 9, no. 4 (36), рр. 173–185. (in Russ.)
11. Korobkova G. F., Sharovskaya T. A. Kostyanye orudiya kamennogo veka (diagnostika sledov iznashivaniya po arkheologicheskim dannym) [Bone tools of the Stone Age (diagnosis of signs of wear based on archaeological data)]. Arkheologicheskie vesti [Archaeological News], 2001, no. 8, рр. 88–98. (in Russ.)
12. Mazitov D. R. Kostyanye izdeliya s raskopok selishcha Podymalovo-1 v Bashkirskom Priural'e. [Bone artifacts from excavations of the settlement of Podymalovo-1 in the Bashkir Urals]. In: LV Uralo-Povolzhskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya studentov i molodykh uchenykh. Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 50-letiyu Kamsko-Vyatskoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii [LV Ural-Volga region archaeological conference of students and young scientists. Materials of the All-Russian scientific conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Kama-Vyatka archaeological expedition]. Izhevsk, 2023, рр. 168–170. (in Russ.)
13. Mazitov D. R. Kostyanye izdeliya s raskopok selishcha Podymalovo-1 v Bashkirskom Priural'e [Bone products from the excavations of the Podymalovo-1 settlement in the Bashkir Urals]. In: LVI Ural-Volga Archaeological Conference of Students and Young Scientists [LVI Uralo-Povolzhskaya arkheologicheskaya konferentsiya studentov i molodykh uchenykh]. Ufa, Samrau Publ., 2024, pp. 255–258. (in Russ.)
14. Molchanov I. V., Andreeva O. S. Diagnostika sledov iznashivaniya kostyanykh orudii truda po eksperimental'no-trasologicheskim dannym. [Diagnostics of wear traces of bone tools using experimental and traceological data]. Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki [Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art history. Questions of theory and practice], 2016, no. 12 (74), рр. 114–118. (in Russ.)
15. Munzel S. C., Conard N. J. Change and Continuity in Subsistence during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in the Ach Valley of Swabia (South-west Germany). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2004, no. 14, рр. 225–243.
16. Mylnikov V. P., Mylnikova L. N. Kostyanoi inventar' s poseleniya Linevo-1 perekhodnogo ot bronzy k zhelezu vremeni. [Bone implements from the Linevo-1 settlement of the transitional period from bronze to iron times]. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2011, vol. 10, iss. 5, рр. 183–195. (in Russ.)
17. Peters B. G. Kostoreznoe delo v antichnykh gosudarstvakh Severnogo Prichernomor'ya [Bone carving in the ancient states of the Northern Black Sea region] Moscow, Nauka, 1986, 185 р. (in Russ.)
18. Rudenko K. A. Bulgarskie izdeliya iz kosti i roga [Bulgar products made of bone and horn]. In: Drevnosti Povolzh'ya: epokha srednevekov'ya (issledovaniya kul'turnogo naslediya Volzhskoi Bulgarii i Zolotoi Ordy). [Antiquities of the Volga region: the Middle Ages (studies of the cultural heritage of Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde)]. Kazan, Kazan Institute of Areology Publ., 2005, рр. 67–97. (in Russ.)
19. Ruslanov E. V. Gornovskii arkheologicheskii kompleks zolotoordynskogo vremeni v Predural'e: k 60-letiyu nauchnogo izucheniya. [Gornovsky archaeological complex of the Golden Horde period in the Urals: to the 60th anniversary of scientific study]. Arkheologiya Evraziiskikh stepei [Archeology of the Eurasian steppes], 2022, no. 6, рр. 253–267. (in Russ.)
20. Ruslanov E. V. The Yabalakly-1 Settlement: New Materials on the Chiyalik Culture of the Southern Urals. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2023, vol. 22, no. 5: Archaeology and Ethnography, pp. 118–130. (in Russ.) DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-5-118-130
21. Semenov S. A. Pervobytnaya tekhnika (opyt izucheniya drevneishikh orudii i izdelii po sledam raboty). [Primitive technology (experience of studying the most ancient tools and products based on traces of work)]. Moscow, Leningrad, AS USSR Publ., 1957, 240 p. (in Russ.)
22. Sergeeva M. S. Kostorіzna sprava u Starodavn'omu Kievі [Bone-cutting business in ancient Kyiv]. Kiev, KNT, 2011, 256 р. (in Ukr.)
23. Skakun N. N., Plisson H., Galimova M. Sh., Zhilin M. G., Heredia H., Pavlik A., Terekhi na V. V., Savchenko S. N., Akhmetgaleeva N. B., Mateva B., Martinez Fernandez G., Afonso Marrero H. A., Hou Ya. M. Znachenie eksperimental’no-trasologicheskikh issledo vanii dlya izucheniya drevnikh kostyanykh izdelii [The importance of experimental traceo logical studies for the study of ancient bone products]. Arkheologiya Evraziiskikh stepei [Archaeology of the Eurasian steppes], 2017, no. 2, pp. 301–316. (in Russ.)
24. Smirnova L. Comb-Making in Medieval Novgorod (950–1450). An Industry in Transition. Oxford, BAR International Series 1369, 2005, 334 p.
25. Stemp W. J., Watson A. S., Evans A. A. Topical review: Surface analysis of stone and bone tools. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 2016, vol. 4, рр. 1–25.
26. Tuzbekov A. I., Grigorieva I. M., Roslyakova N. V. Rezul'taty arkheozoologicheskogo issledova niya osteologicheskogo materiala iz raskopok selishcha Podymalovo-1 v Bashkirskom Priural'e (2019) [Results of an archaeozoological study of osteological material from excavations at the settlement of Podymalovo-1 in the Bashkir Urals (2019)]. Problemy istorii, filologii, kul'tury [Problems of history, philology, culture], 2022, no. 3, рр. 37–50. (in Russ.)
27. Valkov I. A. Osobennosti trasologicheskogo analiza artefaktov iz kosti v arkheologii. [Features of traceological analysis of bone artifacts in archeology] Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstven nogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kemerovo State University], 2019, no. 21 (3), рр. 574–584. (in Russ.)
28. Valkov I. A., Papin D. V., Fedoruk A. S. Bone Artifacts of the Middle and Late Bronze Age from the Settlement Zharkovo-3 (Steppe Altai). Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2022, vol. 21, no. 3: Archaeology and Ethnography, pp. 73–85. (in Russ.) DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-3-73-85
29. Usachuk A. N. Trasologicheskii analiz kostyanykh izdelii srubnogo poseleniya Krasnyi Yar na Donu [Traceological analysis of bone products from the log-frame settlement of Krasny Yar on the Don]. In: Donno-Donetskii region v sisteme drevnostei epokhi bronzy vostochnoevro peiskoi stepi i lesostepi: Tezisy dokladov i materialy konferentsii [Don-Donetsk region in the system of Bronze Age antiquities of the Eastern European steppe and forest-steppe: Abstracts of reports and conference materials]. Voronezh, Voronezh State Uni. Press, 1996, рр. 69–73. (in Russ.)
30. Yavorskaya L. V. Produktsiya skotovodstva v zolotoordynskom Madzhare: myasnye produkty i remeslennye proizvodstva [Livestock products in the Golden Horde Majar: meat products and handicrafts]. Arkheologiya evraziiskikh stepei [Archeology of the Eurasian steppes], 2018, no. 5, рр. 68–73. (in Russ.)
31. Zakirova I. A. Kostoreznoe delo Bolgara [Bolgar bone carving]. In: Gorod Bolgar: ocherki reme slennoi deyatel'nosti [City of Bolgar: essays on craft activities]. Moscow, 1988, рр. 220–243. (in Russ.)
32. Zakirova I. A. Kostoreznoe remeslo [Bone carving craft]. In: Velikii Bolgar [Great Bolgar], Mos-cow, Kazan, Feoriya Publ., 2013, рр. 176–181. (in Russ.)
Review
For citations:
Ruslanov E.V., Akhmetova E.A., Kisagulov A.V. The Use of the Horse Phalanx by the Chiyalik Culture Population Based on the Materials of the Settlement of Yabalakly-1 (South Urals). Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2024;23(5):129-142. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-5-129-142
Views:
215
Email this article 