Поселенческие комплексы кушан в долине Кашмира

Долина Кашмира на протяжении веков занимала важное стратегическое положение вдоль Великого Индийского и Великого Шелкового торговых путей. Благодаря юэчжам / кушанам, проложившим путь от северозападных границ Китая до западной части Центральной Азии, были налажены торговые маршруты через Синьцзян и горные территории Северной Индии. На сегодняшний день открыто уже более 60 поселенческих памятников кушан в долине Кашмира, но планомерные археологические работы проведены только на трех, а остальные известны лишь благодаря подъемному материалу. Следовательно, одна из основных проблем – это малая изученность территории. Цель данной статьи – определение последовательности основания кушанами поселений, а также их расположения для уточнения основных миграционных маршрутов между Северной Индией, Центральной Азией и Китаем. Правление кушан на данной территории продолжалось с середины I в. н. э. до начала IV в. н. э. Кашмирская долина была связана с Гилгит-Балтистаном по дороге БандипораГурез, с Ладакхом по рекам Лиддар и Синд, с Гандхарой по бассейну реки Джелам.

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