Set of Metal Products Made of Iron from the Beginning of the 2nd Millennium AD from the Outskirts of the Yeniseisk City
https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2025-24-3-130-139
Abstract
This article analyzes a complex of iron items, which discovered in 1961 in the vicinity of the Yeniseisk city. These are five arrowheads and a Y-shaped object of unknown purpose. These items were discovered by excavator workers on the left bank of the river Yenisei, in the Baikal village. They lay together at a depth of 40–50 cm. The article makes the assumption that the iron objects were part of a destroyed cremation burial. There are traces of exposure to fire in the items. The things were transferred to the Yenisei Museum, where they are currently stored. There are two types of arrowheads. Three arrowheads are wide-blade, flat things. Such objects are specific of the Mongol period and are found in many regions of Eurasia. Two arrowheads are long, armor-piercing, with spikes. Such products were used by the folks of the region and are practically unknown outside. A similar arrowhead was discovered in Yamal. An Y-shaped object of unknown purpose has a number of analogies in the complexes of the Lower Angara region and in the Yenisei taiga zone. These items are also practically not found in neighboring regions. The object of a similar shape was discovered in the Surgut Ob region. In the article the conclusion is making, that complex belongs to the late stage of the Lesosibirsk culture and can be dated back to the 13th – 14th centuries AD.
About the Authors
P. O. Senotrusova
Siberian Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Polina O. Senotrusova, Candidate of Sciences (History)
Scopus Author ID 56943450600
WoS Researcher ID HGD-2186-2022
Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
K. V. Biryuleva
Siberian Federal University; Yenisei Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve named after A. I. Kytmanov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ksenia V. Biryuleva
Scopus Author ID 57222548803
WoS Researcher ID HTO-3251-2023
Yeniseisk, Russian Federation
References
1. Basova N. V. Predmetnyi kompleks iz pogrebenii na stoyanke Koda-2 na Angare [Object complex from burials at the Koda-2 site on the Angara]. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2016, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 100–111. (in Russ.)
2. Boguchanskaya arkheologicheskaya ekspeditsiya: ocherk polevykh issledovanii (2007–2012 gody) [Boguchany archaeological expedition: essay on field research (2007–2012)]. A. P. Derevyanko, A. A. Tsybankov, A. V. Postnov, V. S. Slavinsky, A. V. Vybornov, I. D. Zolnikov, E. V. Deev, A. A. Prisekailo, G. I. Markovsky, A. A. Dudko. Novosibirsk, IAE SB RAS Publ., 2015, 564 p. (in Russ.)
3. Chemyakin Yu. P. Sluchainye nakhodki na Barsovoi Gore [Random finds on Barsovaya Gora]. In: Barsova gora: drevnosti taezhnogo Priob'ya [Barsova Gora: antiquities of the taiga Ob region]. Ekaterinburg, Surgut, Ural Book Publ., 2008, pp. 28–43. (in Russ.)
4. Fokin S. M. Novye svedeniya o pogrebal'noi obryadnosti naseleniya Nizhnego Priangar'ya v epokhu zheleza [New information about the funeral rituals of the population of the Lower Angara region in the Iron Age]. Vestnik TSU. Istoriya [Bulletin of Tomsk State University. History], 2013, iss. 22 (2), pp. 125–128. (in Russ.)
5. Fokin S. M. Rasprostranenie i bytovanie zheleznykh shipastykh nakonechnikov strel v Prieniseiskoi Sibiri v epokhu Srednevekov'ya [Distribution and existence of iron spiked arrowheads in the Yenisei Siberia during the Middle Ages]. In: Vek podvizhnichestva – 3 [Age of Asceticism – 3]. Krasnoyarsk, Litera-print, 2018, pp. 66–72. (in Russ.)
6. Kardash O. V., Vizgalov G. P. Gorodok Monkys' urii: k istorii naseleniya Bol'shogo Yugana v XVI–XVII vekakh (po rezul'tatam kompleksnogo arkheologicheskogo issledovaniya) [The town of Monkys Uriy: on the history of the population of the Greater Yugan in the 16th – 17th centuries (based on the results of a comprehensive archaeological study)]. In 2 vols. Ekaterinburg, Nefteyugansk, Karavan Publ., 2015, vol. 1, 448 p. (in Russ.)
7. Kartsov V. G. Opisanie kollektsii i materialov muzeya [Description of the museum's collections and materials]. Krasnoyarsk, State Museum of the Yenisei Region Publ., 1929, 55 p. (in Russ.)
8. Khudyakov Yu. S. Vooruzhenie kochevnikov Yuzhnoi Sibiri i Tsentral'noi Azii v epokhu razvitogo Srednevekov'ya [Armament of nomads of Southern Siberia and Central Asia in the era of the developed Middle Ages]. Novosibirsk, IIAE SB RAS Publ., 1997, 160 p. (in Russ.)
9. Kirillov I. I., Kovychev E. V., Kirillov O. I. Darasunskii kompleks arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov. Vostochnoe Zabaikal'e [Darasun complex of archaeological sites. Eastern Transbaikal]. Novosibirsk, IAE SB RAS Publ., 2000, 176 p. (in Russ.)
10. Kyzlasov I. L. Askizskaya kul'tura Yuzhnoi Sibiri X–XIV vv. [Askiz culture of Southern Siberia 10th – 14th centuries]. Moscow, Nauka, 1983, 128 p. (in Russ.)
11. Lysenko D. N., Grevtsov Yu. A. Pogrebeniya po obryadu truposozhzheniya mogil'nika Ust'-Taseeva [Burials according to the rite of cremation of the Ust-Taseev burial ground]. In: Arkheologiya, etnologiya, paleoekologiya severnoi Azii i sopredel'nykh territorii [Archaeology, ethnology, paleoecology of northern Asia and adjacent territories]. Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical Uni. Press, 2006, vol. 2, pp. 47–48. (in Russ.)
12. Mandryka P. V. Materialy mnogosloinogo poseleniya Shilka-9 na Srednem Enisee i ikh znachenie dlya drevnei istorii yuzhnoi taigi Srednei Sibiri [Materials of the multi-layer settlement Shilka-9 on the Middle Yenisei and their significance for the ancient history of the southern taiga of Central Siberia]. In: Izvestiya Laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologii [Bulletin of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies]. Irkutsk, Irkutsk State Technical Uni. Press, 2005, iss. 3, pp. 172–185. (in Russ.)
13. Mandryka P. V. Pozdnesrednevekovoe pogrebenie po obryadu truposozhzheniya na storone v eniseiskoi taige [Late medieval burial according to the rite of cremation on the side in the Yenisei taiga]. In: Eniseiskaya provintsiya [Yenisei province]. Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical Uni. Press, 2006, iss. 2, pp. 150–158. (in Russ.)
14. Mandryka P. V., Senotrusova P. O. Kul'turnaya prinadlezhnost' pamyatnikov razvitogo Srednevekov'ya yuzhnotaezhnoi zony Srednei Sibiri [Cultural affiliation of the sites of the developed Middle Ages in the southern taiga zone of Central Siberia]. Rossiiskaya arkheologiya [Russian archeology], 2018, no. 2, pp. 98–112. (in Russ.)
15. Mandryka P. V., Senotrusova P. O. Srednevekovyi mogil'nik Prospikhinskaya Shivera IV na Angare [Medieval burial ground of Prospikhinskaya Shivera IV on the Angara]. Novosibirsk, IAE SB RAS Publ., 2022, 364 p. (in Russ.)
16. Martin F. R. Sibirika. Nekotorye svedeniya o pervobytnoi istorii i kul'ture sibirskikh narodov [Siberika. Some information about the primitive history and culture of the Siberian peoples]. Ekaterinburg; Surgut, Ural worker Publ., 2004, 144 p.
17. Medvedev A. F. Ruchnoe metatel'noe oruzhie (luk i strely, samostrel). VIII–XIV vv. [Hand-held throwing weapons (Bow and arrows, crossbow). 8th – 14th centuries]. Moscow, Nauka, 1966, 184 p. (in Russ.)
18. Nikolaev V. S. Pogrebal'nye kompleksy kochevnikov yuga Srednei Sibiri v XII–XIV vv. [Funeral complexes of nomads in the south of Central Siberia in the 12th – 14th centuries]. Vladivostok, Irkutsk, Institute of Geography SB RAS Publ., 2004, 306 p. (in Russ.)
19. Plekhanov A. V. Yarte VI – srednevekovoe “gorodishche” na r. Yuribei (p-ov Yamal). Katalog kollektsii [Yarte VI is a medieval “fortification” on the river. Yuribey (Yamal Peninsula). Collection catalog]. Ekaterinburg, Business press, 2014, 124 p. (in Russ.)
20. Rudenko K. A. Zheleznye nakonechniki strel VIII–XV vv. iz Volzhskoi Bolgarii [Iron arrowheads from the 8th – 15th centuries from Volga Bulgaria]. Kazan, Zaman Publ., 2003, 512 p. (in Russ.)
21. Savinov D. G., Novikov A. V., Roslyakov S. G. Verkhnee Priob'e na rubezhe epokh (basandaiskaya kul'tura) [Upper Ob region at the turn of the era (Basandaica culture)]. Novosibirsk, IAE SB RAS Publ., 2008, 424 p. (in Russ.)
22. Senotrusova P. O., Mandryka P. V. Prieniseiskaya Sibir' – severnaya periferiya Mongol'skoi imperii [Yenisei Siberia – the northern periphery of the Mongol Empire]. In: Dialog gorodskoi i stepnoi kul'tur na evraziiskom prostranstve. Istoricheskaya geografiya Zolotoi Ordy [Dialogue between urban and steppe cultures in the Eurasian space. Historical geography of the Golden Horde]. Kazan, Yalta, Kishinev, Strarum Plus Publ., 2016, pp. 54–56. (in Russ.)
23. Terentev P. O., Glushenko M. A. Novye sledy eniseiskikh kyrgyzov na Srednei Angare [New traces of the Yenisei Kyrgyz on the Middle Angara]. In: Evraziiskoe kul'turnoe prostranstvo. Arkheologiya, etnologiya, antropologiya [Eurasian cultural space. Archaeology, ethnology, anthropology]. Irkutsk, Ottisk Publ., 2010, pp. 346–348. (in Russ.)
24. Tishkin A. A. Altai v Mongol'skoe vremya (po materialam arkheologicheskikh istochnikov) [Altai in Mongolian times (based on archaeological sources)]. Barnaul, Azbuka Publ., 2009, 208 p. (in Russ.)
Review
For citations:
Senotrusova P.O., Biryuleva K.V. Set of Metal Products Made of Iron from the Beginning of the 2nd Millennium AD from the Outskirts of the Yeniseisk City. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2025;24(3):130-139. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2025-24-3-130-139
Views:
67
Email this article 