Y-Chromosome Diversity within Siberian Tatars from the Late Medieval Burial Ground Abramovo-10 (Baraba Forest-Steppe)

Purpose. The paper continues a series of articles devoted to the paleogenetic study of the Late Medieval population from the West Siberian forest-steppe zone. The aim of the study is to obtain and analyze the first data on the Y-chromosome lineage diversity of the population that formed the Abramovo-10 burial ground in the central part of the Baraba forest-steppe (16^th – 18^th centuries AD).

Results. Data on the structure of 18 Y-chromosome samples (male individuals) from the burial ground of the Siberian Tatars Abramovo-10 were obtained. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of the studied lineages was carried out. Three phylogenetic clusters were identified in the studied series: N-VL67/N1a2CTS6380>>VL67 (N = 13, or ~ 72 % of the sample), Q-L56/Q-M346/Q1a2 (N = 4, or ~ 22 %) and R-M198/R1a-M198 (N = 1, or 5.5 %). Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that the basis of the male gene pool in the studied group consists of Y-chromosome lineages that spread across the region during the Turkification in the Middle Ages, as well as older components common to ethno-culturally contrasting populations of the Western Siberia. The phylogeographic structure of the Y-chromosome pool, which is close to the modern one, was formed earlier than the features of the mtDNA gene pool, apparently due to the patrilocality of the studied group. During the period of the intensive Caucasian population migration to the region, the main features of the male gene pool remained almost unchanged for significant part of the Baraba Siberian Tatars.

1. Agdzhoyan A. T., Balanovskaya E. V., Padyukova A. D., Dolinina D. O., Kuznetsova M. A., Zaporozhchenko V. V., Skhalyakho R. A., Koshel S. M., Zhabagin M. K., Yusupov Yu. M., Mustafin Kh. Kh., Ulyanova M. V., Tychinskikh Z. A., Lavryashina M. B., Balanovsky O. P. Genofond sibirskikh tatar: pyat' subetnosov – pyat' putei etnogeneza [Gene Pool of Siberian Tatars: Five Ways of Origin for Five Subethnic Groups]. Molekulyarnaya biologiya [Molecular Biology], 2016, vol. 50 (6), pp. 978–991. (in Russ.) DOI 10.7868/S002-6898416060021

2. Bagashev A. N. Antropologiya Zapadnoi Sibiri [Anthropology of Western Siberia]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2017, 408 p. (in Russ.)

3. Balanovsky O., Rootsi S., Pshenichnov A., Kivisild T., Churnosov M., Evseeva I., Pocheshkhova E., Boldyreva M., Yankovsky N., Balanovska E., Villems R. Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in their Eurasian context. American Journal of Human Genetics, 2008, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 236–250. DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.019

4. Cherdantsev S. V., Trapezov R. O., Tomilin M. A., Fedoseeva E. I., Zhuravlev A. A., Pilipenko I. V., Rykun M. P., Molodin V. I., Pilipenko A. S. Raznoobrazie mitokhondrial'noi DNK sibirskikh tatar iz pozdnes-rednevekovogo mogil'nika Abramovo-10 (Barabinskaya lesostep') [Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Siberian Tatars from the Late Medieval Burial Ground Abramovo-10 (Baraba Forest-Steppe)]. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2025, vol. 24, no. 7: Archaeology and Ethnography, pp. 132–149. (in Russ.) DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2025-24-7-132-149

5. Ehtnogenez narodov Severa [Ethnogenesis of the peoples of the North]. Moscow Nauka, 1980, 278 p. (in Russ.)

6. Gubina M. A., Babenko V. N., Voevoda M. I. Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA in Population of Siberian Tatars from Barabinsk Forest Steppe. Russian Journal of Genetics, 2018, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 717–731. DOI 10.1134/S1022795418060066

7. Keyser C., Bouakaze C., Crubézy E., Nikolaev V., Montagnon D., Reis T., Ludes B. Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the History of South Siberian Kurgan People. Human Genetics, 2009, vol. 126 (3), pp. 395–410. DOI 10.1007/s00439-009-0683-0

8. Kharkov V. N., Khamina K. V., Medvedeva O. F., Simonova K. V., Khitrinskaya I. Yu., Stepanov V. A. Struktura genofonda tuvintsev po markeram Y-khromosomy [Gene-Pool Structure of Tuvinians Inferred from Y-Chromosome Marker Data]. Genetika [Genetics], 2013, vol. 49, no 12, pp. 1416–1425. (in Russ.) DOI 10.7868/S0016675813120035

9. Kharkov V. N., Kolesnikov N. A., Valikhova L. V., Zarubin A. A., Svarovskaya M. G., Marusin A. V., Khitrinskaya I. Yu., Stepanov V. A. Svyaz' genofonda khantov s narodami Zapadnoi Sibiri, Predural'ya i Altaya-Sayan po dannym o polimorfizme autosomnykh lokusov i Y-khromosomy [Relationship of the Gene Pool of the Khants with the peoples of Western Siberia, Cis-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Region According to the Data on the Polymorphism of Autosomic Locus and the Y-Chromosome]. Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii [Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding], 2023, vol. 27 (1), pp. 46–54. (in Russ.) DOI 10.18699/VJGB-23-07

10. Kharkov V. N., Novikova L. M., Shtygasheva O. V., Luzina F. A., Khitrinskaya I. Yu., Volkov V. G., Stepanov V. A. Genofond khakasov i shortsev po markeram Y-khromosomy: obshchie komponenty i geneticheskaya struktura rodov [Gene Pool of Khakass and Shors for Y Chromosome Markers: Common Components and Tribal Genetic Structure]. Genetika [Genetics], 2020, vol. 56, no 7, pp. 826–833. (in Russ.) DOI 10.31857/S0016675820070073

11. Kharkov V. N., Valikhova L. V., Adamov D. S., Zarubin A. A., Khitrinskaya I. Yu., Stepanov V. A. Osobennosti genofondov lesnykh i tundrovykh nentsev po gaplogruppam Y-khromosomy [The Forest and Tundra Nenets: Differences in Y-Chromosome Haplogroups]. Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii [Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding], 2025, vol. 29 (5), pp. 711–721. (in Russ.) DOI 10.18699/vjgb-25-78

12. Kharkov V. N., Valikhova L. V., Yakovleva E. L., Serebrova V. N., Kolesnikov N. A., Petelina T. I., Khitrinskaya I. Yu., Stepanov V. A. Rekonstruktsiya proiskhozhdeniya gydanskikh nentsev na osnove geneticheskogo analiza ikh rodovoi struktury s pomoshch'yu novogo nabora YSTR-markerov [Reconstruction of the Origin of the Gydan Nenets Based on Genetic Analysis of Their Tribal Structure Using a New Set of YSTR Markers]. Genetika [Genetics], 2021, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 1403–1414. (in Russ.) DOI 10.31857/S0016675821120067

13. Molodin V. I. (ed.). Istoriya Sibiri [The History of Siberia]. In 4 vols. Novosibirsk, IAET SB RAS Publ., 2019, vol. 2: The Iron Age and the Middle Age, 643 p. (in Russ.)

14. Molodin V. I., Sobolev V. I., Soloviev A. I. Baraba v epokhu pozdnego srednevekov'ya [Baraba in the Late Middle Ages]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1990, 262 p. (in Russ.)

15. Narody Zapadnoi Sibiri: Khanty. Mansi. Sel'kupy. Nentsy. Ehntsy. Nganasany. Kety [Peoples of Western Siberia: Khanty. Mansi. Selkups. Nenets. Enets. Nganasans. Keti]. Moscow, Nauka, 2005, 805 p. (in Russ.)

16. Naumova O. Yu., Rychkov S. Yu., Morozova I. Yu., Khaiat S. Sh., Semikov A. V., Zhukova O. V. Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Siberian Tatars of the Tobol-Irtysh Basin. Genetika [Genetics], 2008, no. 44 (2), pp. 257–268.

17. Pilipenko A. S., Cherdantsev S. V., Trapezov R. O., Molodin V. I., Kobeleva L. S., Pozdnyakov D. V., Polosmak N. V. Paleogeneticheskoe issledovanie rodstva pogrebennykh iz kurganov sargatskoi kul'tury v Barabinskoi lesostepi (Zapadnaya Sibir') [Kinship Analysis of Human Remains from the Sargat Mounds, Baraba Forest-Steppe, Western Siberia]. Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia, 2017, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 132–142. (in Russ.)

18. Pilipenko A. S., Trapezov R. O., Polosmak N. V. Paleogeneticheskoe issledovanie nositelei pazy rykskoi kul'tury iz mogil'nika Ak-Alakha-1 (Gornyi Altai) [A Paleogenetic Study of Pazyryk People Buried at Ak-Alakha-1, the Altai Mountains]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia], 2015, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 144–150. (in Russ.)

19. Pilipenko A. S., Trapezov R. O., Cherdantsev S. V., Babenko V. N., Nesterova M. S., Pozdnyakov D. V., Molodin V. I., Polosmak N. V. Maternal Genetic Features of the Iron Age Ta gar Population from Southern Siberia (1st Millennium BC). PLoS ONE, 2018, vol. 13 (9): e0204062. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0204062

20. Pilipenko A. S., Trapezov R. O., Zhuravlev A. A., Molodin V. I., Romaschenko A. G. MtDNA Haplogroup A10 Lineages in Bronze Age Samples Suggest That Ancient Autochthonous Human Groups Contributed to the Specificity of the Indigenous West Siberian Population. PLoS ONE, 2015, vol. 10 (5): e0127182. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0127182

21. Ponomarev G. Yu., Agdzhoyan A. T., Potanina A. Yu., Adamov D. S., Balanovskaya E. V. Geneticheskie portrety khantov i mansi po gaplogruppam Y-khromosomy v kontekste genofondov Rossii [Genetic Portraits of the Khanty and Mansi Based on the Y Chromosome Haplogroups in the Context of Gene Pools of Russia]. Vestnik RGMU [Herald of the Russian State Medical University], 2024, no. 5, pp. 32–41. (in Russ.) DOI 10.24075/vrgmu.2024.044

22. Ralf A., Zandstra D., Wersch B. van, Köksal Z., Larmuseau M. H. D., Rosa A., Jobling M. A., D'Amato M. E., Courts C., Gysi M., Haas C., Flores R., Neis M., Wetton J. H., Kiesler K., Ameur A., Azonbakin S., Bôžiková A., Choma A., De Ungria M. C., Corradini B., Cruz C., Dunkelmann B., Ferri G., Fleckhaus J., Fragou D., Gaens N., Gonçalves R., Havaš Auguštin D., Helm K., Hölzl-Müller P., Kaliszan M., Kasu M., Kovatsi L., Lesaoana M., Mizuno N., Neuhuber F., Nováčková J., Ňuňuková A, Pamjav H., Parson W., Ramankulov Y., Rangel Villalobos H., Rębała K., Rootsi S., Salvador J., Šarac J., Stef fen C. R., Stenzl V., Török T., Villems R., Watahiki H., Zhabagin M., Schneider P. M., Kayser M. UYSD: A Novel Data Repository Accessible via Public Website for Worldwide Population Frequencies of Y-SNP Haplogroups. American Journal of Human Genetics, 2025, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 904–912. DOI 10.1038/s41431-025-01854-5

23. Rootsi S., Zhivotovsky L. A., Baldovic M., Kayser M., Kutuev I. A., Khusainova R., Bermisheva M. A., Gubina M., Fedorova S. A., Ilumae A. M., Khusnutdinova E. K., Voevoda M. I., Osipova L. P., Stoneking M., Lin A. A., Ferak V., Parik J., Kivisild T., Underhill P. A., Villems R. A Counter-Clockwise Northern Route of the Y-Chromosome Haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe. European Journal of Human Genetics, 2007, vol. 15 (2), pp. 204−211. DOI 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201748

24. Seleznev A. G. Barabinskie tatary: istoki etnosa i kul'tury [Baraba Tatars: The Origins of Ethnicity and Culture]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1994, 175 p. (in Russ.)

25. Sobolev V. I. K voprosu ob etnicheskom formirovanii barabinskikh tatar [On the Question of the Ethnic Formation of the Baraba Tatars]. In: Ehtnicheskaya istoriya tyurkoyazychnykh narodov Sibiri i sopredel'nykh territorii [Ethnic History of the Turkic-Speaking Peoples of Siberia and Adjacent Territories]. Omsk, 1984, pp. 129–131. (in Russ.)

26. Tokarev S. A. Etnografiya narodov SSSR [Ethnography of the Peoples of the USSR]. Moscow, Moscow State Uni. Press, 1958, 615 p. (in Russ.)

27. Tomilov N. A. Etnicheskaya istoriya tyurkoyazychnogo naseleniya Zapadno-Sibirskoi ravniny kontsa XVI – nachala XX v [Ethnic History of the Turkic-Speaking Population of the West Siberian Plain in the Late 16th – Early 20th Centuries]. Novosibirsk, NSU Press, 1992, 271 p. (in Russ.)

28. Trapezov R. O., Cherdantsev S. V., Tomilin M. A., Papin D. V., Pilipenko A. S. New Data on the Genetic Composition of the Andronovo Populations from Southern Siberia (the Upper Ob Region and Kulunda Steppe). In: Problemy arkheologii, etnografii, antropologii Sibiri i sopredel'nykh territorii [Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories], 2020, vol. 26, pp. 671–677. (in Russ.) DOI 10.17746/2658-6193.2020.26.671-67

29. Trapezov R. O., Pilipenko A. S., Cherdantsev S. V., Tomilin M. A., Pilipenko I. V., Zhuravlev A. A., Priestyazhnyuk M. S., Demin M. A., Savko I. A., Papin D. V. Pervye rezul'taty paleogeneticheskogo issledovaniya nositelei andronovskoi (fedorovskoi) kul'tury iz mogil'nikov Chekanovskii log-2, -10 [The First Results of the Paleogenetic Investigation of Andronov skaya (fedorovskaya) Culture Burials from Site Chekanovskiy Log-2, 10]. In: Narody i religii Evrazii [Nations and Religions of Eurasia], 2022, vol. 27 (2), pp. 87–104. (in Russ.) DOI 10.14258/nreur(2022)2-05

30. Valeev F. T. Sibirskie tatary. Kul'tura i byt [Siberian Tatars. Culture and Everyday Life]. Kazan, Tatar Publishing House, 1993, 208 p. (in Russ.)

31. Valeev F. T., Tomilov N. A. Tatary Zapadnoi Sibiri: istoriya i kul'tura [Tatars of Western Siberia: History and Culture]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1996, 224 p. (in Russ.)

32. Valikhova L. V., Kharkov V. N., Volkov V. G., Khitrinskaya I. Yu., Stepanov V. A. Struktura genofonda tomskikh tatar po markeram Y-khromosomy [Structure of the Tomsk Tatar Gene Pool Based on Y-Chromosome Markers]. Meditsinskaya genetika [Medical Genetics], 2022, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 33–35. (in Russ.) DOI 10.25557/2073-7998.2022.12.33-35

33. Zhunussova A., Tayshanova S., Bukaev A., Bukaeva A., Aidarov B., Temirgaliev R., Sabitov Z., Zhabagin M. Genetic Genealogy of Y-Chromosome in the Zhetiru Tribe of the Kazakh Population from Kazakhstan. Frontiers in Genetics, 2025, vol. 16: 1516130. DOI 10.3389/fgene.2025.1516130