The History of Studying 代词 daici in Chinese Linguistics.
https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-4-128-140
Abstract
The article provides an overview of different terms for describing lexical units of such a category as the 代词 daici ‘pronoun’. The evolution of grammar terminology’s formation is considered based on the example of this category. It is shown that prior to 1898, Chinese scholars used no special terms to classify 代词 daici, as these lexical units were described in function words’ dictionaries (written by Lu Yiwei 卢以纬, Yuan Renlin 袁仁林 etc.). At that time, the course of linguistic research was determined by exegetics, and the main emphasis was placed on the description of semantics and usage of characters. After 1898, the situation changed. Modern linguists characterize 代词 daici as an element of the general system of word classes. The nature of 代词 daici causes difficulties in classification: should lexical units of this category be considered function words or content words, or perhaps even words of a special category that duplicate content words. The position of 代词 daici in the general system of word classes may differ depending on the author’s approach for selecting parts of speech. Approaches of Ma Jianzhong 马建忠, Li Jinxi 黎锦熙, Lü Shuxiang 吕叔湘, Wang Li 王力, Zhu Dexi 朱德熙, Xing Fuyi 刑福义, Guo Rui 郭锐, Yuan Yulin 袁毓林, Zhang Bin 张斌 are presented in the article. Chinese is an isolating language, therefore syntactic properties of lexical units play a significant role in expressing relationships between the words. This fact is reflected in the considered classifications of Chinese linguists based on the functional characteristics of lexical units. As for grammar terminology, modern linguists emphasize the substitutive function of 代词 daici (the sign 代 dai means ‘to replace’) and show that代词 daici may replace not only 名词 mingci ‘noun’ (do not use the term 代名词 daimingci, for example), but also other parts of speech.
About the Author
L. V. Kiryukhina
Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation
Lyubov V. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Sciences (Philology), Associate ProfessorIrkutsk
Russian Federation
Lyubov V. Kiryukhina, Candidate of Sciences (Philology), Associate ProfessorIrkutsk
References
1. Alpatov V. M. O sopostavitel'nom izuchenii lingvisticheskikh traditsii (K postanovke problemy) [Towards the comparative study of linguistic traditions (stating the problem)]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Topics in the study of language]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1990, no. 2, pp. 13–25. (in Russ.)
2. Alpatov V. M. Yaponistika. Teoriya yazyka. Sotsiolingvistika. Istoriya yazykoznaniya [Japanese Studies. Language theory. Sociolinguistics. History of linguistics]. Moscow, LRC Publishing House: Languages of Slavic Сultures, 2017, 520 p. (in Russ.)
3. Alpatov V. M. Znamenatel'nye chasti rechi v yaponskom yazyke [Content words in Japanese]. Chasti rechi. Teoriya i tipologiya [Parts of speech. Theory and typology]. Moscow, Nauka, 1990b, pp. 167–179. (in Russ)
4. Bokadorova N. Yu. Frantsuzskaya lingvisticheskaya traditsiya XVIII – nachala XIX veka. Struktura znaniya o yazyke [French linguistic tradition of the 18th – early 19th centuries. Structure of knowledge of the language]. Moscow, Nauka, 1987, 152 p. (in Russ.)
5. Bol'shoi kitaisko-russkii slovar' po russkoi graficheskoi sisteme [Big Chinese-Russian dictionary: Arranged by Russian Graphical System]. In 4 vols. Ed. by I. M. Oshanina. Moscow, Nauka, 1983, vol. 2, 1097 p. (in Russ.)
6. Cao Wei, Li Lu. Ershi shiji bashi niandai yiqiande hanyu daici yanjiu – hanyu daici yanjiushi zhi faren chengzhangqi [曹炜、李璐。20 世纪 80 年代以前的汉语代词研究——汉语代词研究史之发轫成长期]. Studies of Chinese pronouns before the 80s of the XX century – The period of origin and formation of the history of the study of Chinese pronouns. Jiangnan daxue xuebao (Renwen shehui kexue ban) [Journal of Jiangnan University (Social Science Edition)], 2018, vol. 4, pp. 103–108. (in Chin.)
7. Chen Changlai. Zhongguo yuyanxueshi yanjiude xianzhuang he sikao [陈昌来。中国语言学史研究的现状和思考]. Current situation and reflections on the research of history of Chinese linguistics. Shanghai shifan daxue xuebao (Zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Journal of Shanghai Normal University (Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)], 2018, vol. 47 (3), pp. 117–124. (in Chin.)
8. Croft W. Radical Construction Grammar. Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford, 2001, 448 p.
9. Dragunov A. A. Issledovaniya po grammatike sovremennogo kitaiskogo yazyka. Chasti rechi [Studies on modern Chinese grammar. Parts of speech]. Moscow, Leningrad, AS USSR Publ., 1952, 232 p. (in Russ.)
10. Flexible Word Classes: Typological studies of underspecified parts of speech. Ed. by Jan Rijkhoff and Eva van Lier. Oxford, Oxford Uni. Press, 2013, 352 p.
11. Gotlib O. M. Prakticheskaya grammatika sovremennogo kitaiskogo yazyka [Practical grammar of modern Chinese]. Moscow, AST: Vostok – Zapad, 2008, 287 p. (in Russ.)
12. Guo Rui. Xiandai hanyu cilei yanjiu [郭锐。现代汉语词类研究]. Study on parts of speech in modern Chinese. Beijing, Shangwu yinshuguan, 2002, 320 p. (in Chin.)
13. Gurevich I. S., Zograf I. T. O nekotorykh izmeneniyakh v grammaticheskom stroe kitaiskogo yazyka III – XIV vekov [Some changes in the grammatical structure of the Chinese language of the 3rd – 14th centuries]. In: Pis'mennye pamyatniki i problemy istorii kul'tury narodov Vostoka. Kratkoe soderzhanie dokladov V godichnoi nauchnoi sessii LO IV AN [Written monuments and problems of the history of culture of the peoples of the East. A summary of the reports of the V annual scientific session of the Leningrad Branch of the Academy of Sciences. May, 1969]. Leningrad, 1969, pp. 123–126. (in Russ.)
14. Li Jinxi. Xinzhu guoyu wenfa [黎锦熙。新著国语文法]. New grammar of national language. Changsha, Hunan jiaoyu chubanshe, 2007, 347 p. (in Chin.)
15. Liu Yanwen. Yuzhu jiaozhu [刘燕文。语助校注]. Notes on “Yuzhu”. Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou guji chubanshe, 1986, 85 p. (in Chin.)
16. Lü Shuxiang. Ocherk grammatiki kitaiskogo yazyka [Essay of Chinese grammar]. Moscow, Nauka, 1965, vol. 2, pt. 1: Kategorii [Categories], 349 p. (in Russ.)
17. Ma Jianzhong. Ma shi wen tong [ 马建忠。马氏文通]. Grammar of Ma Jianzhong. Beijing, Shangwu yinshuguan, 2010, 473 p. (in Chin.)
18. Maslov Yu. S. Vvedenie v yazykoznanie [Introduction to linguistics]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola, 1987, 272 p. (in Russ.)
19. Mel'chuk I. A. Kurs obshchei morfologii [Course of general morphology]. Moscow, Vienna, Yazyki slavyanskoi kul'tury, Wiener Slawistischer Almanach Publ., 2000, vol. 3, 368 p. (in Russ.)
20. Nikitina T. N. Grammatika drevnekitaiskikh tekstov. Sintaksicheskie struktury [Grammar of ancient Chinese texts. Syntactic Structures]. Leningrad, Leningrad State Uni. Press, 1982, 132 p. (in Russ.)
21. Olkhovikov B. A. Obshchaya teoriya yazyka. Antichnost' – XX vek [General theory of language. Antiquity – 20th century]. Moscow, Akademia Publ., 2007, 304 p. (in Russ.)
22. Seliverstova O. N. Mestoimeniya v yazyke i rechi [Pronouns in language and speech]. Moscow, Nauka, 1988, 151 p. (in Russ.)
23. Shishmareva T. E. Kitaiskii slovar' “Er"ya” v ideograficheskom i etnokul'turnom aspektakh [Chinese dictionary “Erya” in ideographic and ethnocultural aspects]. Irkutsk, Irkutsk State Uni. Press, 2016, 289 p. (in Russ.)
24. Solntsev V. M. Vvedenie v teoriyu izoliruyushchikh yazykov [Introduction to the theory of isolating languages]. Moscow, “Vostochnaya Literatura” Publ., 1995, 352 p. (in Russ.)
25. Solntseva N. V. Problemy tipologii izoliruyushchikh yazykov [Problems of the typology of isolating languages]. Moscow, Nauka, 1985, 256 p. (in Russ.)
26. Tszin T. Evropeiskaya i kitaiskaya lingvisticheskie traditsii kak variatsii mirovideniya [European and Chinese linguistic traditions as variations of world vision]. Yazyk i kul'tura [Language and Culture], 2020, vol. 49, pp. 120–137. (in Russ.) DOI 10.17223/19996195/49/7
27. Wan Liaoyi. Osnovy kitaiskoi grammatiki [Basics of Chinese grammar]. Moscow, Foreign Languages Publ., 1954, 263 p. (in Russ.)
28. Wierzbicka A. Semanticheskie universalii i opisanie yazykov [Semantic Universals and Language Description]. Moscow, Yazyki russkoy kultury, 1999, 780 p. (in Russ.)
29. Xiandai hanyu babai ci [现代汉语八百词]. 800 words of modern Chinese. ed. by Lü Shuxiang. Beijing, Shangwu yinshuguan, 1999, 760 p. (in Chin.)
30. Xiandai hanyu miaoxie yufa [现代汉语描写语法]. Descriptive grammar of modern Chinese. ed. by Zhang Bin. Beijing, Shangwu yinshuguan, 2010, 1306 p. (in Chin.)
31. Xing Fuyi. Grammatika kitaiskogo yazyka [Chinese grammar]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg Uni. Press, 2019, 764 p. (in Russ.)
32. Yakhontov S. E. Drevnekitaiskii yazyk [Ancient Chinese]. Moscow, Nauka, 1965, 115 p. (in Russ.)
33. Yuan Renlin. Xuzi shuo [袁仁林。虚字说]. On function words. Beijing, Zhonghua shuju, 1989, 146 p. (in Chin.)
34. Yuan Yulin. Hanyu cileide renshi yanjiu he mohu huafen [袁毓林。汉语词类的认识研究和模糊划分]. Cognitive research and fuzzy classification of parts of speech in Chinese. Shanghai, Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe, 2010, 443 p. (in Chin.)
35. Zhu Dexi. Yufa jiangyi [朱德熙。语法讲义]. Lectures on grammar. Beijing, Shangwu yinshuguan, 1982, 231 p. (in Chin.)
Review
For citations:
Kiryukhina L.V. The History of Studying 代词 daici in Chinese Linguistics. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2022;21(4):128-140. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-4-128-140
Views:
407
Email this article 