Bardiches in the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve Collection
https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-3-122-134
Abstract
Purpose. This article presents the analysis of two bardiches stored in the weapon collection of the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve.
Results. Further study of bardiches should be based on a complete accounting and classification of such weapons stored, primarily, in museums. Bardiches in the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve collection belong to two different types, which are most common both in Western Siberia and in the Moscow state in 17th century. A characteristic feature of the Tobolsk exhibits is the decorative design, which has few analogies.
Conclusion. In written sources, the use of bardiches in Western Siberia was recorded in 1670s. Bardiches were in service with dragoon regiments, and were delivered to Siberia as part of centralized supplies from Moscow. In Siberia bardiches could be produced in rural forges, although in limited quantities. Some bardiches were delivered to Siberia privately. Tobolsk Museum houses ceramic tiles of the late 17th century. On the tile there is a picture of a warrior armed with a bardiche. During the reforms of Peter I bardiches were in service with Russian army, but at the beginning of the 18th century this weapon gradually became obsolete.
About the Author
I. V. Balyunov
Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Igor V. Balyunov, Candidate of Sciences (History), Leading Researcher
Tobolsk
References
1. Bagrin Е. A. Voennoe delo russkikh na vostochnom pogranich'e Rossii v XVII v. [Russian military Affairs on the Eastern border of Russia in the 17 th century]. In: Taktika i vooruzhenie sluzhilykh lyudei v Pribaikal'e, Zabaikal'e i Priamur'e [Tactics and weapons of serving people in the Baikal region, Transbaikal'a and Amur region]. St. Petersburg, Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2013, 288 p. (in Russ.).
2. Balyunov I. V. Arkheologicheskie svidetel'stva vliyaniya Severo-Vostochnoi Rusi na material'nuyu kul'turu naseleniya goroda Tobol'ska kontsa XVI – XVII v. [Archaeological evidence of the influence of the North-Eastern Russia on the material culture of the population of the town Tobolsk at in the end of 16 th – 17 th centuries]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya [Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. History], 2016, vol. 5 (43), pp. 67–71. (in Russ.)
3. Balyunov I. V. An Asymmetric Axe from the Collections of the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2021, vol. 20, no. 5: Archaeology and Ethnography, pp. 104–114. (in Russ.) DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-5-104-114
4. Baulo A. V. Atributika i mif: metall v obryadakh obskikh ugrov [Attributes and myth: metal in the rituals of the Ob Ugrians]. Novosibirsk, IAE SB RAS Publ., 2004, 157 p. (in Russ.)
5. Bobrov L. A. Russkie berdyshi i “toporki” iz sibirskikh muzeev i problema primeneniya dlinno-drevkovogo udarno-rubyashchego oruzhiya v Sibiri v XVII veke [Russian poleaxes and small axes from Siberian museums and the problem of application of long-hafted stroking and slashing weapons in Siberia in the 17 th century]. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology, 2011, vol. 10, no. 7: Archaeology and Ethnography, pp. 300–307. (in Russ.)
6. Burov V. A. Berdyshi XVII v. iz raskopok soloveckogo monastyrya [Poleaxes of the 17 th century from the excavations of the Solovetsky monastery]. Brief reports of the Institute of Archaeology, 2019, vol. 255, pp. 277–286. (in Russ.)
7. Chubinsky A. N. O russkikh berdyshakh [About Russian poleaxes]. In: Voina i oruzhie: noveishie issledovaniya i materialy [War and weapons: new research and materials]. Proceedings of the Eighth International scientific and practical conference. St. Petersburg, 2017, vol. 4, pp. 492–518. (in Russ.)
8. Dmitriev A. V. Voiska “novogo stroya” v Sibiri vo vtoroi polovine XVII veka [Troops of the New Order in Siberia in the Second Half of the 17 th Century]. Novosibirsk, NSU Press, 2008, 240 p. (in Russ.)
9. Drevny gorod na Obi: istoriya Surguta (K 400-letiyu goroda) [The ancient city on the Ob: the history of Surgut (To the 400 th anniversary of the town)]. Ekaterinburg, Tezis Publ, 1994, 325 p. (in Russ.)
10. Dvurechensky O. V. Kholodnoe oruzhie Moskovskogo gosudarstva XV–XVII vv. [Cold weapons of the Moscow state 15 th – 17 th centuries]. Tula, State Museum Reserve “Kulikovo pole” Publ., 2015, 498 p. (in Russ.)
11. Ermak – gordost' Rossii: kratky istorichesky spravochnik [Ermak is the pride of Russia: a brief historical reference]. Tyumen, Tyumen State Uni. Press, 2016, 346 pp. (in Russ.)
12. Letin S. A. XVII stoletie. Strelets [17 th century. Sagittarius]. Imperiya, 2002. no. 2 (2), pp. 12–18. (in Russ.)
13. Lytkin N. A. Arkheologicheskii otdel Tobol'skogo gubernskogo muzeya [The Archaeological Department of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum]. Tobolsk, Tobolsk provincial government Publ., 1890, 17 p. (in Russ.)
14. Pisarev A. E. Berdyshi russkoi pekhoty. Seredina – vtoraya polovina XVII veka [Poleaxes of the Russian infantry. Mid – second half of the 17 th century]. Armii i bitvy, 2008, no. 9, pp. 15–29. (in Russ.)
15. Puzanov V. D. Politika russkogo gosudarstva po snabzheniyu uezdov Sibiri oruzhiem v XVII v. [The policy of the Russian state to supply the counties of Siberia with weapons in the 17 th century]. Istorichesky format, 2016, no. 4 (8), pp. 106–123. (in Russ.)
16. Rozenfeldt R. L. Moskovskoe keramicheskoe proizvodstvo XII–XVII vv. [Moscow ceramic production of the 12–17 th centuries]. Moscow, 1968, 124 p. (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochikov [Сollection of archaeological sources], iss. E1-39) (in Russ.)
17. Shults L. R. Kratkoe soobshchenie ob ekskursii na reku Salym Surgutskago uezda [A brief message about the excursion to the Salym River of Surgut county]. Ezhegodnik Tobo'lskogo Gubernskogo Muzeya [A Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum], 1913, vol. 21. pp. 1–17. (in Russ.)
18. Shchit i mech Otchizny. Oruzhie Urala s drevneishih vremen do nashih dnei [Shield and sword of the Fatherland. Weapons of the Urals from ancient times to the present day]. Ekaterinburg, Raritet Publ., 2008, 464 p. (in Russ.)
19. Viskovatov A. V. Istoricheskoe opisanie odezhdy i vooruzheniya rossiiskikh voisk: s risunkami, sostavlennoe po Vysochaishemu poveleniyu [Historical Description of the Clothing and Weapons of the Russian Troops, Illustrated, Compiled by the Highest Command]. St. Petersburg, Glavnoe intendantskoe upravlenie Publ., 1899, pt. 2, 24 p. (in Russ.)
20. Vlasov D. A. K voprosu o proiskhozhdenii i bytovanii berdyshei v Rossii XVII veka [On the question of the origin and existence of the Berdysh in Russia of the 17 th century]. In: Istoriya voennogo dela: issledovaniya i istochniki [History of military affairs: studies and sources].2012, vol. 2, pp. 456–478. (in Russ.) URL: http://www.milhist.info/2012/10/05/vlasov (accessed 05.10.2012).
Review
For citations:
Balyunov I.V. Bardiches in the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve Collection. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2024;23(3):122-134. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2024-23-3-122-134
Views:
215
Email this article 