EXPERIENTIAL ASPECT OF CATEGORIZATION OF THE MATERIAL WORLD

The article is devoted to the categorization of the material world and its reflection in natural languages. Vocabulary of the language is seen as a tool which reflects and fixes the results of the cognitive process of categorization. The author notes that linguistics has revealed a lot of signs of objects that a person uses when inserting an item into a certain category (classifiers). The question that it is necessary to create a typology of classifiers is put first in this paper. Experiential and perceptual features of objects that are used in cognitive activities as the classifiers are restricted in the article. Experiential signs are properties that are not inherent in the object immanently. These are signs that the subject receives as a result of human interaction with them. In the article the most common еxperiential classifiers are detected and their classification is made. Classifiers are ordered taking into account the ratio of «man ↔ object X ». The group of classifiers, which reflects the relation «a рerson is the subject of an interaction with X » is the most developed and most often fixed by vocabulary. Subgroups of «an object is destined for…» and «method of using of an object» are discovered in this group. In both subgroups there are varieties. Materials of two types were used to solve this problem: 1) linguistic studies of the vocabulary of the different languages in which such signs of objects detected, which are relevant for cognitive activities; 2) contexts that demonstrate the process of categorization and its basis. As a result of analysis it was found that during the formulation of the classifiers they are often mixed or replaced by similar content. This happens both in the process of categorization of reality, and in scientific research. This situation was partly predefined ontologically, that is the fact that different aspects of being and human activities interact closely and influence each other. The article experiential features of objects that reflect interconnected aspects of human life, delineated and illustrated by a great number of examples. It is revealed that experientially features of objects used as the classifiers often determine the national specificity of the categorization. At the same time in different language pictures of the world different experiential classifiers can be used. Various types of interaction between perceptual and experiential signs indicated. The attempt to develop a meta-language of classifiers is taken. The wording should be clear and unambiguously interpreted. The solution of the tasks set out in article will allow us to deepen the knowledge of cognitive activities, more accurately to discover and to formulate the meaning of information relevant to cognitive activity, correctly to accurately describe the content of concepts and to improve the dictionary definition. For a more complete understanding of the cognitive activities it is necessary to create the item experiential classifiers, to classify them, to formulate their content to describe the interaction with the perceptual type classifiers. In this article, the vector of this kind of research is specified.

cognitive linguistics, categorization, classifier, perceptual and experiential signs, vocabulary, meta-language

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