Comparisons in Language of the Yakut Epos of Olonkho

Abstract

One of the main logical receptions in knowledge by the person of subjects and phenomena of surrounding reality are comparisons. Comparisons represent the cogitative category promoting in knowledge of communications and the relations between the phenomena and subjects, their identification and distinction. In this article of comparison we will consider as a basis of poetic figurativeness and a source of an origin of ladders in the epic text - a masterpiece of nonmaterial values of mankind, the heroic epos olonkho. In article the characteristic of features of functioning and system and structural expression of comparative designs in the epic text on materials Yakut olonkho is given to “Kyys Debiliye” and “Mighty Er Sogotokh”. As object of research comparative designs with an indicator curduk ʽsimilarʼ are chosen. The use of the discussed designs in creation of these or those epic images and pictures is described. The purpose of work consists in detection of features and regularities of functioning of comparative designs in the epic text olonkho. Research problems: 1) to define structural types of comparative designs, it is most frequency met in texts olonkho; 2) to reveal the images becoming a comparison standard in the national epic. Scientific novelty of work is defined by that it is for the first time supposed to investigate functioning of comparisons on material of the epic text olonkho. Research methods: linguistic description, structural-semantic. In the epic text, as designs, it is most frequency nominal comparative designs meet an indicator curduk ʽsimilarʼ where as a standard of comparison the noun acts, and also the considerable quantity of comparative designs consists of a formula “a noun in the form of accusative case + participle on -byt + curduk”. As a standard for comparison in olonkho the phenomena of the surrounding nature, a plant and the animal, esthetic ideals which became traditional in the Yakut folklore often act.