Use of Infrared Imaging in Contemporary Source Studies
https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-8-117-127
Abstract
The paper gives a brief overview of infrared (IR) imaging techniques and the cases of their applying to the study of ancient manuscripts and objects of cultural heritage. The method of IR reflectography is used in fine art research, which allows the visualization of details hidden by the paint layers with the help of a scanner. There are also the cases, when IR reflectography is implemented into papyrology with the purpose to make ancient papyri, that turned dark-brown, more legible. Thermography is also used both in studies of cultural heritage and written documents, such as research of bookbinding and supports. Multispectral analysis is a well-proven method of text visualization and digital restoration of ancient manuscripts, which usually is applied in palimpsest decipher. Than the paper considers the method that includes part of IR spectrum is hyperspectral analysis. It is also used in papyrology. Finally, the author observed method of near-infrared imaging (NIRI) and its use for different purposes of the source studies. The paper concludes by arguing the relevance of near-infrared analysis of paper-based historical documents as a key-element of source study. NIRI allows researchers to obtain digital copies of watermarks and investigate corrections of the text made with different inks. The paper provides reader with the technical recommendations on basic NIRI equipment. To sum up, the author declares that there is a possibility for NIRI to become an everyday routine practice for researchers in near future due to its ability to provide a basic analysis of paper, watermarks and ink.
References
1. Лютов В. П., Лютова Л. В. Использование радиографии в исследовании водяных знаков и при атрибуции памятников письменности // Фотография. Изображение. Документ. 2014. № 5. С. 72-75.
2. Ляховицкий Е. А. Классификация в филигранографии: удобство поиска или возможность интерпретации? // Фотография. Изображение. Документ. 2011. № 2. С. 38-48.
3. Ляховицкий Е. А., Цыпкин Д. О. Инфракрасная визуализация текста в изучении памятников древнерусской письменности // Ист. информатика. 2019. № 4. С. 148-156.
4. Миклас Х., Бреннер С., Саблатниг Р. Мультиспектральная съемка для цифровой реставрации древних рукописей: устройства, методы и практические аспекты // Ист. информатика. 2017. № 3. С. 116-134.
5. Уханова Е. В., Бережная М. А. База данных водяных знаков средневековой бумаги Отдела рукописей Государственного исторического музея в рамках международного проекта «Бернштейн - память бумаги»: результаты сотрудничества и перспективы развития // Роль музеев в информационном обеспечении исторической науки. М., 2015. С. 328-339.
6. Уханова Е. В., Жижин М. Н., Андреев А. В., Пойда А. А., Ильин В. А. Прижизненный портрет Ивана Грозного: визуализация угасшего памятника естественнонаучными методами // Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики. 2019. № 2 (76). С. 13-29.
7. Шибаев М. А. Рукописи Кирилло-Белозерского монастыря XV в.: историко-кодикологическое исследование. СПб.: Альянс-Архео, 2013. 560 с.
8. Эрастов Д. П. Бета-радиографический метод воспроизведения филиграней // Доклады и сообщения на совещании по вопросам консервации и реставрации художественных ценностей. М., 1960. Ч. 2. С. 55-60.
9. Эрастов Д. П. Оптико-фотографическое исследование рукописи // Неизвестный памятник книжного искусства: Опыт восстановления французского легендария XIII в. М.; Л., 1963. С. 16-21.
10. Эрастов Д. П. Основные методы фотографического выявления угасших текстов. М.; Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1958. 54 с.
11. Alexopoulou A., Kaminari A. The Evolution of Imaging Techniques in the Study of Manuscripts. Manuscript Cultures, 2014, no. 7, p. 58-68.
12. Ceccarelli S., Guarneri M., Ferri de Collibus M., Francucci M., Ciaffi M., Danielis, A. Laser Scanners for High-Quality 3D and IR Imaging in Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Documen-tation. J. Imaging, 2018, no. 4 (11), p. 1-18.
13. Clark W. Photography by Infrared: its Principles and Applications. New York, J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1939, 397 p.
14. Consolandi L., Bertani D. A Prototype for High Resolution Infrared Reflectography of Paintings. Infrared Physics and Technology, 2007, no. 49, p. 239-242.
15. Frank E. B., Ellis M. H., Aikenhead L., Messier P. The Computational Analysis of Watermarks: Setting the Stage for the Development of a Watermark Imaging Box (WImBo). In: 52nd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS). 2018. URL: https://ieeexplore. ieee.org/document/8362312 (accessed 25.04.2020).
16. Gargano M., Bertani D., Greco M., Cupitt J., Gadia D. A Perceptual Approach to the Fusion of Visible and NIR Images in the Examination of Ancient Documents. Journal of Cultural Herit-age, 2014, no. 16, p. 518-525.
17. Gavrilov D., Maev R. Gr., Almond D. P. A Review of Imaging Methods in Analysis of Works of Art: Thermographic Imaging Method in Art Analysis. Canadian Journal of Physics, 2014, no. 92 (4), p. 341-364.
18. Giacometti A., Campagnolo A., MacDonald L., Mahony S., Robson S., Weyrich T., Terras M., Gibson A. The Value of Critical Destruction: Evaluating Multispectral Image Processing Methods for the Analysis of Primary Historical Texts. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2015, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 101-122.
19. Johnson C. R. WImBo - Watermark Imaging Nox Project: A Digital Art History Data Acquisition Tool. In: 52nd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), 2018. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8362290 (accessed 25.04.2020).
20. Kim S. J., Deng F., Brown M. S. Visual Enhancement of Old Documents with Hyperspectral Imaging. Pattern Recognition, 2011, vol. 44, no. 7, p. 1461-1469.
21. Knox K. T. Enhancement of Overwritten Text in the Archimedes Palimpsest. In: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Conference Series 6810, 2008. URL: http://web.eecs. umich.edu/~hero/Preprints/3-Knox_EI_2008_6810_8.pdf (accessed 25.04.2020).
22. Orazi N. Mid-wave Infrared Reflectography and Thermography for the Study of Ancient Books: a Review. Studies in Conservation, 2020. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/ 10.1080/00393630.2020.1734383 (accessed 25.04.2020).
23. Padoan R., Steemers Th. A. G., Klein M. E., Aalderink B. J., de Bruin G. Quantitative Hyperspectral Imaging of Historical Documents: Technique and Applications. In: 9th Interna-tional Conference on NDT of Art (Jerusalem, Israel, 25-30 May, 2008). URL: https://www. ndt.net/article/art2008/papers/097Padoan.pdf (accessed 25.04.2020).
24. Psarrou A., Licata A., Kokla V., Tselikas A. Near-Infrared Ink Differentiation in Medieval Man-uscripts. International Journal of Computer Vision , 2011, no. 94, p. 136-151.
25. Tournié A., Fleischer K., Bukreeva I., Palermo F., Perino M., Cedola A., Andraud C., Ranocchia G. Ancient Greek Text Concealed on the Back of Unrolled Papyrus Revealed through Shortwave-infrared Hyperspectral Imaging. Science Advances, 2019, no. 5 (10). URL: https:// advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaav8936.full (accessed 25.04.2020).
26. Tsypkin D. O. Optico-Electronic Methods in the Study of Medieval Paper in the Manuscript Division of the National Library of Russia. In: Le papier au Moyen Age: histoire et techniques. (Bibliologia: elementa ad librorum studia pertinenta. Vol. 19). Turnhout, 1999, p. 243-253.
Review
For citations:
Kalashnikova A.A. Use of Infrared Imaging in Contemporary Source Studies. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2020;19(8):117-127. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-8-117-127
Views:
240
Email this article 