Eskimo Problem in the Light of New Data
https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-3-122-139
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Abstract
Purpose. The problem of the origin of the Eskimos has received considerable attention, at the same time also providing insights about human presence in far Northeast Siberia and America. I review earlier studies and discuss some of the more exciting recent results emerging from ancient DNA data sets. I also highlight important features of genetic and archeological data and discuss key questions and future research directions.
Results. The Paleo-Eskimos and Neo-Eskimos ancestors along the Q-NWT01 Y-DNA line lived in the Kolyma River basin at the turn of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The migration of the East Asian ancestors of the Paleo-Eskimos was associated with the representatives of the Neolithic cultures of Northeast Asia, which brought the ancestral haplotype for mtDNA haplogroup D2a to Alaska. The emergence of the Neo-Eskimo cultures took place in the Bering strait area on the basis of the local Paleo-Eskimo tradition and under the influence of the cultural traditions of Southwestern Alaska and Chukotka. The Ust'-Belaya culture of Chukotka could act as a genetic source for the development of the Neo-Eskimo cultures.
Conclusion. Analysis of ancient DNA from human remains over the past decade has had a transformative effect on the study of the origin of the Eskimos. Data sets of ancient DNA have revealed an increasingly complex picture of human demographic history in North-East of Asia and America and development of Paleo-Eskimo and Neo-Eskimo traditions, suggesting multiple waves of migration over the Bering Strait and episodes of admixture of different groups of population, including Ancient Paleosiberian, East Asian, Paleo-Indian, Paleo-Eskimos, Neo-Eskimos and others.
Keywords
Northern America,
Northeastern Asia,
Chukotka,
Alaska,
Paleo-Eskimos,
Neo-Eskimos,
Paleo-Eskimo tradition,
NeoEskimo tradition,
paleogenetics
Supporting agencies: This research was funded by RFBR, project no. 19-09-00144
Article info:
Date submitted: 21.03.2022
Published: 21.03.2022
The author has read and approved the final manuscript.
About the Author
P. S. Grebenyuk
North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Pavel S. Grebenyuk, Senior Researcher
Magadan
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Grebenyuk P.S. Eskimo Problem in the Light of New Data. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology. 2022;21(3):122-139. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-3-122-139
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