Purpose. The article is devoted to the generalization of the integrating the Local History Museum and the equipment of the Altai State Pedagogical University Universal Pedagogical Competences Technopark funds with the resources of the historical park of the Novosibirsk region “Russia is My History” experience in order to create multimedia educational content applicable when teaching the “Archaeological tourism” course.

Results. The importance of multi-channel perception of archaeological heritage objects (description, photo, drawing, 3D modeling) in the pedagogical process is shown. The development features of a program with elements of the game based on the materials of the archaeological sites of Altai (“Antiquities of Altai”) associated with their attributive and informative properties are discussed. Much attention is paid to the requirements for the description and analysis of the selection criteria for objects exhibited in multimedia. The features of the multimedia content integration into the educational process are considered.

Conclusion. It is shown that situational gamification contributes to the figurative perception of specific archaeological eras and the material complex associated with them. It is concluded that the continued introduction of multimedia technologies in the teaching of historical disciplines will increase interest in science among students of the Pedagogical University. The combination of traditional and innovative teaching methods applied in practice both in higher and secondary schools will lead to an increase in the quality of historical and general education.

Purpose. The aim of this study is detailed reconstruction of the reduction sequences of the layer 5.1 lithic industry.

Results. Through a comprehensive analysis of the material complex from the layer 5.1 we reconstructed three knapping strategies characterizing the industry. The first strategy is based on the usage of the narrow core working surface to obtain blades and lamellar flakes. The second strategy is the alternating usage of the working surface and striking platform aimed at blank production. The reduction sequence is characterized by the usage of narrow surfaces bounded by natural sides. The third strategy is the bladelets and microblades production using one narrow or two adjacent (narrow and wide) working surfaces. The comparison of the material complex of the layer 5.1 with the complexes of layers 7–6 indicates principal differences in the raw material preferences, primary knapping methods and toolkits.

Conclusion. Based on the lack of continuity of the primary knapping and the principles of spatial exploitation of Ushbulak site area, we suggest a complete change in the population of the Shilikta valley at the boundary of MIS 3 and MIS 2.

Purpose. This article presents results of the preliminary analysis of archaeological material obtained during the Kamchatka Paleolithic expedition of IAET SB RAS at the Razdelniy II site in Central Kamchatka.

Results. It has been established that the earliest habitation episode of the Razdelniy II site is associated with the complex of the cultural horizon 2 dated 12,900–12,600 cal BP. Horizon’s industry is based on the micro-wedge knapping technology, the toolkit included small bifacial leaf-shaped points, transversal burins, high-shaped side-scrapers, and abrasives. The later stage of the site settlement is associated with the Early Holocene assemblage found at the cultural horizon 1, based on the utilization of prismatic cores for the production of blades, bladelets and microblades. The results of field studies indicate the existence of several vast archaeological sites in the interfluve of the Anavgay River and the Razdelniy Creek. On the Kamchatka Peninsula, the studied assemblages demonstrate full compliance with the materials of the Ushki sites, cultural layers IV and VI.

Conclusion. The study made it possible to clarify the cultural and chronological sequence of the settlement of the Razdelniy II site in the late Pleistocene and Early Holocene.

Purpose. This article presents one of the most brilliant ancient culture of Kamchatka – Tarya culture of the late Neolithic period. The author discusses the culture’s localization and chronology, lists the most important sites, gives a description of dwellings, characterizes the economy of Tarya people, and presents the culture material complex.

Results. Early complexes attributed to the Tarya culture and determined by the 3^rd millennium BC are represented by three archeological sites. They are characterized by a combination of small and large stone tools, various leaf-shaped points, sharp-edged adzes and axes, the absence of bone artifacts, and above-ground dwellings. This period is poorly represented in articles and possibly heterogeneous. The most represented period of the Tarya culture, for which the largest number of dates has been established, dates back to the 2^nd and even more so to the 1^st millennium BC. The main occupation of the Tarya people was fishing, hunting for land animals and catching sea animals in the rookeries.

Conclusion. The most ancient sites of this culture are located on the southeast coast. As a result of the contacts of the Tarya coastal population with the inhabitants of the Kamchatka River valley, a continental cultural community of hunters and fishermen arose, which combined the blade technique and tools polishing, as well as, although to a lesser extent, the tradition of using labrets. Dating the Tarya culture should probably be dated to 2^nd – 1^st millennium BC. The Old Itel’men culture, in which local variants are distinguished, develops on the basis of the Tarya culture from the 1^st millennium AD. Northern Kamchatka was probably the place of active cultural contacts between the ancient popu[1]lation of Kamchatka, Priokhot’e and Chukotka, where the local communities having a certain originality were formed.

Purpose. Barsova Gora is a unique archaeological and landscape site located in the Tyumen Region (West Siberia) of the Russian Federation. A technical and technological analysis of ceramics of the Atlym culture from Barsova Gora I/40 (13 vessels), Barsova Gora I/22a (7 vessels) and Barsova Gora IV/4 (9 vessels) settlements was carried out.

Results. It was found that for the pottery manufacture potters of the Atlym culture mainly selected ferruginous clays, varying in the degree of sandiness and the presence of natural inclusions of shells and vegetation fragments. At all sites, potters exploited several clay plots. Recipes and assortment of molding masses vary considerably from settlement to settlement. The most stable technology is typical for ceramics from the site Barsova Gora I/22a for which only one recipe (clay + chamotte) has been fixed. It testifies to homogeneity of pottery traditions that existed on this site. A similar trend is demonstrated by ceramics of the site Barsova Gora I/40, where uncalibrated chamotte was used as the main impurity. The pottery technology of these two sites is very similar, and, apparently, these settlements constituted one group of the Atlym population with similar skills. It is possible that representatives of this group could have participated in the genesis of the Krasnoozerskaya culture of the Ishim River basin, as they recorded significant similarities in the adaptive and constructive skills of pottery making. The opposite situation can be observed at the site of Barsova Gora IV/4, where six single and multi-component compositions have been identified, which indicates a mixture of pottery skills and techniques. Several different groups of potters may have lived at this site, using different assortments of impurities to compose the molding masses. Probably, the Barsova Gora IV/4 site was left by another group of the Atlym population with different pottery skills, which differ from the skills of the “Atlym” from Barsova Gora I/22a and I/40 settlements. It can be assumed that the Atlym population of Barsova Gora IV/4 came to Barsova Gora from other territories, possibly from the Lower Priirtysh.

Conclusion. The pottery technology of the sites Barsova Gora I/40 and I/22a has no direct analogues in the previously studied complexes of the Atlym culture in Western Siberia. For the vessels manufacturing technology of the Atlym culture in the territories of the Lower Irtysh River basin, Baraba and the Lower Ob River basin, the dominance of reipes with chamotte is not characteristic. At the same time, the use of chamotte as the main mineral additive and organic solutions is typical for ceramics of the later Krasnoozerskaya culture, which may be based on the Atlym culture. Vessel manufacturing techniques are also similar. Ceramics of the Atlym culture from the Barsova Gora IV/4 site demonstrates the greatest technological similarity with the pottery from The Lower Irtysh River basin. Potters of these territories used a similar range of mineral additives. The surfaces of the vessels were smoothed with a hard, smooth tool. The difference is manifested in the vessels design.

Purpose of the work is to determine the ethnic and cultural affiliation of the population that left the Xichaogou burial ground. Xichaogou is an expressive archaeological complex located in the Liaoning region of China. The uniqueness of this necropolis lies in the fact that several hundred burials of varying degrees of preservation have been recorded in it. Inventory complexes of burials include ceramics, objects made of bronze, iron and stone. The materials of the site demonstrate the features of various cultures – Xiongnu, Buyeo, Han, Xianbi and etc. Since the burial inventory of the Xichaogou burial site demonstrates multicultural features, the question of the ethnic and cultural affiliation of the population that created this site is debatable.

Materials and methods. In previous works, the problem of ethnic identification of the Xichaogou burial ground was solved on the basis of certain categories of grave artefacts. In this paper, the questions of the ethnic and cultural affiliation of the Xichaogou sie are considered on the material of the belt plaques decorated in the animal style. The main reason for this choice of material is that the shape and ornament of belt plaques reflect the ethnic and cultural identity of an individual or group in nomadic cultures. 17 belt plaques were found at the Xichaogou site. The entire amount of material is divided into 3 types according to such features as shape, rim ornament (teardrop-shaped, dotted, herringbone), manufacturing technique (presence of through openwork holes), method of fastening (presence of eyelets on the back side), function as part of a belt set (presence peg). A search for analogies to the groups of belt plaques in the Xiongnu culture, identified in the materials of the Sichagou site, has been undertaken.

Result. It has been established that belt plaques from the materials of the Xichaogou burial ground find analogies in the vast territory of the Xiongnu culture in Northern Eurasia.

Conclusion. It can be concluded that the population that created the Xichaogou site does not belong to the Xiongnu by ethnic origin, but was strongly influenced by this culture. The population of Xichaogou was formed on the basis of the local culture of the previous period. Various and diverse cultures of the eastern part of the Liaoning and the western part of the Jilin regions also contributed to its formation. At the current stage it is possible to identify the Xiongnu and Buyeo cultural components.

Purpose of this article is to characterize the tombs of the Northern Wei period discovered in the vicinity of Guyuan City, analyze the specifics of the funeral rite of these complexes and define the factors that influenced its formation.

Results. The possibility of studying the funeral rite of the Northern Wei period in Guyuan is limited by the small number of known complexes, the fragmentary nature of the materials that have reached our days due to tombs looting, and the lack of scientific publications on some complexes. The tombs known to date are not numerous (only seven tombs have been discovered so far), but varied in design features and the composition of the grave goods, which is explained by the chronological distance and differences in the ethnic and cultural identity and the social status of the tomb occupants. The earliest tombs near Shiwacun Village in Xinji Township show similarities to the tombs of the period of the Sixteen Barbarian States. The burials of ordinary Xianbei who moved to the Guyuan region after its conquest by the Northern Wei testify to the preservation of their own traditions and the insignificant influence of Chinese (Han) culture on their funerary practices.

Conclusion. The funeral rite of the Northern Wei tombs in Guyuan, on the one hand, inherits the burials of the Sixteen Barbarian States era, on the other hand, serves as the basis for the funeral rite evolution of the subsequent periods of the Western Wei and Northern Zhou.

Purpose. This article studies bits and cheek-pieces belong to the mass categories of riding horse equipment from the archaeological sites of Altai of 2^nd century BC – 5^th century AD. These finds, taking into account the rarity of such materials from synchronous sites in adjacent territories, are an important source for the reconstruction of horse equipment of the nomads of Central and North Asia. The article presents the analysis of a series of bits and cheek-pieces from objects of the Rouran period of the Choburak-I necropolis.

Methods and Results. The analyzed collection includes nine bits and five cheek-pieces. The basis of the study was the morphological analysis and classification of items of horse equipment, as well as the comparison of these finds with materials from neighboring territories. Two types of bits and two types of cheek-pieces are distinguished, demonstrating common and special features of the manufacture of bridle sets by the population of Northern Altai in the Rouran period. A comparative study made it possible to determine their dating and genesis.

Conclusion. It has been established that bits and cheek-pieces are an important chronological marker for further clarification of the periodization of the archaeological sites of Altai. It is concluded that the horse equipment of the Bulan-Koby archaeological culture had a significant impact on the appearance of this category of objects among the early Turks. The results obtained expand the existing ideas about the evolution of horse equipment among the nomads of Asia in the middle of the 1^st millennium AD.

Purpose. The Chiyalik archaeological culture was isolated at the end of 1970. Cultural monuments are located on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in the eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan, the southeastern part of Udmurtia, in the south of the Perm Region, the north of the Chelyabinsk region, the southern part of the Sverdlovsk region and the western part of the Kurgan region.

Results. The article presents the results of the work carried out on the Dema River in 2021 by the integrated Golden Horde archaeological expedition. As a result of the conducted surveys, the archaeological settlement of Yabalakly-1 was revealed. It has been established that the monument is single-layer, its cultural layers contain a large number of horse, cow, sheep and dog bones, fragments of cast-iron cauldrons, as well as fragments of pottery and glazed Kashin ceramics.

Conclusion. The absence of pig bones is important, since it indicates the practice of Islam. Hunting and fishing played a secondary role in providing the archaeological settlements inhabitants with meat. The obtained archaeological material (fragments of large earthenware pot, glazed Kashin ceramics, stirrup, and parts of cast-iron cauldrons) allows us to date the monument within the 14th century. Similar villages are located within the Southern Urals in the valleys of the Dema, Chermasan, Karmasan rivers, etc.

Purpose. The paper studies the golden saber from the Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal corps (The Artillery Museum).

Results. Based on the analysis of the construction and decoration of the blade, tang and guard it is supposed that this sample of long-bladed weapon belongs to the group of “chechuga” sabers. In the original configuration the saber had the hilt decorated with gemstones and scabbard covered with leather with fittings made of copper alloy. The blade bears bilingual inscription and it means that this piece of weapon belongs to the sabers granted to the specific person with indication of his name. This saber was granted to Kalmykian noyon (prince) Bambar for his victory over Kazakhs in 1762. The analysis of archive documents allowed to understand the circumstances of the battle of Feb, 17, 1762 as the Empress Ekaterina II ordered to grant a saber to Bambar for that battle. Bambar brought this saber to Qing empire during the “Torgud escape” in 1771. In the beginning of 20th century during the suppression of the Yihetuan (Boxer) uprising Russian officers paid attention to the saber with the golden inscription in Russian, so the saber was handed to the command of Kwantung fortress and then sent to Saint Petersburg in 1903.

Conslusion. The saber is of high scientific value, as it is the only example of the weapons of the Kalmyk princes, on which there is a gold inscription indicating the name of the owner of the saber. This saber is a unique relic of the Russian-Kalmyk relations of the 18th century.

Purpose. The study is devoted to identifying the image of the cuckoo in the Buryats mythological ideas and traditional rituals.

Results. In the first part of the work, a general description of the cuckoo image is given based on the vocabulary and small genres of the buryat folklore. It was found that the Buryats particularly noted the voice and physical dexterity of this bird from its other biological features. It was also associated with such a negative trait of a person as idle talk.

The second part of the study examines the Buryats mythological ideas about the cuckoo. It was found out that the cuckoo appears in the Buryat epic as a sacred bird, a conductor of the celestials will. It has a feminine origin: women are believed to turn into this bird after death as a punishment for easy virtue and committing suicide. The cuckoo image is also associated with the motif of werewolf, ideas about the evergreen needles acquisition by larch trees and the milk wine invention. In the Buryat epic, this bird often acts as a bearer of knowledge about the past and a wealth giver. The dual nature of the magical effect of the cuckoo’s voice was revealed: on the one hand, it can be beneficial for man and nature, on the other hand, it can destroy a person. The negative features of the cuckoo image are associated with the symbolism of death, which is reflected in folk signs, in particular in the superstition about the cuckoo ability to predict a person’s life expectancy.

The third part of the article highlights the cuckoo image in the Buryats shamanic ritual. It has been established that it was localized in the shamanic rite of the Aghin Buryats, probably being a relic of totemism.

Conclusion. The study shows that the cuckoo image in the mythological ideas of the Buryats is very ambiguous. This bird was revered as a sacred feathered. It personified the feminine principle. The cuckoo was characterized by solar and celestial symbolism, in addition it acted as a fertility symbol, which was manifested in the correlation of the image with nature rhythms and renewal. This bird was associated with sacred trees (the shamanic Mother Tree and the World Tree). At the same time, the image of the cuckoo also had negative characteristics, primarily because it was closely associated with ideas about death.

The study shows that some traditional ideas of the Buryats about this bird find parallels with the mythological concepts of other peoples of Eurasia, which is explained by their universality or typological identity and, probably, intercultural contacts that took place in the past.

Purpose of this research is the analysis of archaeological, ethnographical data devoted, first of all, to the demonic personage Tintin, typical for manteña-huancavilca beliefs in the coastal zone, and to the image of bat, and bat-like creatures in modern provincial folklore of Ecuadorian Indians.

Results. A review was conducted of a wide range of archaeological materials (sculptures, images on pottery, seals, ceramic masks and whistles) known from the pre-Hispanic cultures that existed on the territories of modern Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Mesoamerica. The article clearly demonstrates that Tintin is the reflection of the long-term mythological tradition which connects bats with the Underworld, shaman’s practices, rituals and fertility.

Conclusion. Tintin is one of the multiple anthropo-zoomorphic characters connected with the Pre-Columbian mythological systems of ancient cultures in South America. The peculiarities of bats biological behavior (nocturnal activity, living in caves and specific sound production) are the reason why they are associated with the dark side of the Universe. from the other hand, help to keep the demonic image of Tintin in colonial period and today.