The author’s earlier linguistic and textual analysis of collections containing readings on particularly revered memorable dates and the lives of the most revered saints revealed the manuscript Festal Menaion and Chrysostom from the collection of Tikhonravov No. 185 (from the collection of the Russian State Library) as containing unique information about the Church Slavonic language of the 15^th century. This time, as traditionally considered, is a clear indicator of the second South Slavic influence, but evidence of this influence (according to the collection) was not in the Word on the Council of the archangel Michael and Gabriel, the author of which was Clement of Ohrid. There were obvious colloquial elements, but the colloquial (common) facts of the Russian language are especially clearly recorded in another monument of this collection – in the Torment of Paraskeva Friday. In this article, this text is analyzed in comparison with the texts presented in the Great Menaion Reader of the SVT. St. Demetrius of Rostov and in the collection of the 15^th century from the Collection of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius.
The author defines the broad and narrow contexts of the study. The first is connected with the Church Slavonic problems (language, writing), the second with the 15^th century, the time when the so-called ‘second South Slavic influence’ was fully manifested. Church Slavonic itself is not a scientific term, although it emerged from a scientific tradition. We can define what the Russian language is by referring to ethnic and geographical boundaries, cultural and spiritual traditions, historical certainty, and keeping in mind, which is very important for the language, its ‘functional side’. It is impossible to evaluate the Church Slavonic language from these positions. Russian is a language that has developed different principles of development, and in relation to the Russian language, the Church Slavonic language appears to be as much an independent unit (a separate scientific ‘subject’) as the dialect language, which was the subject of lively discussions in its time, or the Russian spoken language, which occupies a strong position in the niche of the Russian language to this day.
The Church Slavonic language is ultimately the desired object of Slavistic research, and the way to determine its structure and functional status lies through the analysis of specific written sources. The conclusions about the ‘colloquial’ (‘simple’, perhaps common) Church Slavonic language of the Torment of Paraskeva Friday according to the list of Thn-185 are quite obvious, the language of the monument according to this list destroys the myth of the so-called ‘second South Slavic influence’.
The analysis allows us to take a new look at what we call the Church Slavonic language, to understand that the Church Slavonic language is still an unidentified linguistic object, rather than a philological one, because this language cannot be separated from the text. The text is the environment in which it exists. Linguistics has adopted the tools of linguistic analysis, which since ancient times served philological purposes, it is already presented in the ΤνΝη γραμματική of Dionysius of Thrace, but it did not serve to describe and understand language as such, the main task of grammatics was considered to be the evaluation of the work, “what is the best of all that grammar does”. This helps in the qualification of what is written in the Church Slavonic language: it should not only contain the traditional forms and vocabulary of this language (also with the traditional permissibility of innovations), but also have a functional correlation, correspond to the sphere of existence of Church Slavonic texts.

The concept of “morphological / grammatical means” is widely used in studies on the Russian language, although there is no generally accepted interpretation. This work analyzes the reflection of this concept in Russian studies and clarifies the status of those linguistic units that are traditionally referred to as morphological means: form-building affixes, alternating sounds (internal inflection), stress, supplementary word stems, auxiliary words, intonation, as well as word order. Our research has shown that these linguistic units have different functional status in the morphological structure of the Russian language. First, these are categorical, or actually morphological, means, represented by formative affixes and auxiliary words. They are carriers of morphological meanings in the structure of abstracted morphological forms – the basic units of inflectional Russian morphology. Secondly, a non-categorical means, syncretic and accidental for morphology, are supplementary stems that contain not only lexical, but also morphological meaning and thus duplicate the expression of morphological information in a word form with a form-building affix. Thirdly, these are linguistic units that are not elements of the morphological structure, but have morphological significance, which is manifested in their ability to differentiate homonymous morphological forms in the structure of word forms (alternating sounds and stress) or utterances (intonation). Word order can also perform a similar function. The study allows us to clarify the definition of the concept under consideration: morphological means are linguistic units that are carriers of morphological meanings and constituents of morphological forms.

This paper discusses the problems of lexicographical representation of Modern Greek constructional phrasemes – productive phraseological patterns with one or more variable components (slots).
The analysis of Modern Greek general and phraseological dictionaries has shown that, in Modern Greek lexicography, there is no unified approach towards the description of this type of phraseologisms. One of the significant problems associated with lexicographical treatment of Modern Greek constructional phrasemes is that some of them are registered in dictionaries as fully fixed expressions with their slot(s) filled with a specific lexeme or a specific proposition, without any indication that these expressions possess a variable component. Such lexicographical representation of productive phraseological patterns does not reflect the real linguistic usage and does not allow the reader of the dictionary to understand that the expressions described in the dictionary as fully fixed show considerable variation and possess one or two slots that can be filled with a wide range of words or word combinations.
The corpus analysis of the constructional phraseme Ούτε να Ρ (literally, ‘neither if’), which is registered in Modern Greek dictionaries in five different, all fully lexically specified forms, has shown that the specific realizations of this productive phraseological pattern included in the dictionaries either have relatively low frequency of occurrence in the corpus, or are not encountered in the corpus at all. Other realizations of this phraseological pattern account for over 92 % of all the cases of its use in the corpus, but the common pattern behind them can hardly be identified with the help of the existing lexicographical descriptions, as it is registered in the dictionaries under the lemmas of five different lexemes that do not form part of its fixed component.
Based on the findings of this study, the paper raises the issue of developing a new approach towards the description of productive phraseological patterns that currently pose a significant challenge for adequate lexicographical representation.

The article is devoted to the functional-semantic analysis of the Yakut predicative constructions which are derived from verb stems in the form of comitative-reciprocal voice and frequentative aspect. Yakut verb forms under discussion, when expressing the categories of reciprocity and distributivity, fall into the functional-semantic field of plurality, in connection with which the problem of intersecting fields and of the interaction of semantic categories within a certain field inevitably arises. The analysis demonstrated that the difference between distributive constructions and reciprocal constructions in the Yakut language consists, first of all, in their content: the semantic invariant for the former is the multiplicity of the action itself whereas for the latter type it is the multiplicity of participants in the action. Objective distributive constructions, as a rule, have three arguments: apart from the agent and patient arguments they also contain an additional object argument which denotes the goal of the action. In reciprocal constructions indicating this participant of the situation is not obligatory. Furthermore, reciprocal and distributive constructions are formed on the basis of verbs which belong to different semantic groups. The majority of indicated verbs represent voice forms derived from the same stem and imply action performed on something plural or something consisting of many parts. Herewith, Yakut reciprocal and distributive constructions are characterized by nearly the same set of group arguments. However, the character of the group argument is particularly important for constructions with distributive content, in reciprocal constructions arguments are almost always singular animate objects.

The paper deals with the phonetics of Yugan idiom of Surgut Khanty. The research is a part of the project aimed at describing Surgut Khanty phonetics. The Yugan idiom has significant differences from the Tromyegan idiom described before.
The analysis is based on the data collected during the expedition to the settlement Ugut in 2019. The experimental part includes 130 words list read out three times by four native speakers from different traditional settlements on the Malyi Yugan river and on the Bolshoi Yugan river.
The research was conducted using experimental techniques: Praat, Emu-SDMS software. The main technique was a formant analysis that deals with resonant frequencies in vowel spectra to obtain data on articulation features. Statistical evaluations and visualization were established via R programming language.
We found differences between the Malyi Yugan river and the Bol’shoi Yugan river idioms. 12 vowel phonemes were found in the Malyi Yugan idiom. Compared to the Tromyegan system the phoneme /ɔ/ (traditionally / /) is absent. It was replaced by /ɛ/ (traditionally / /) or /o/ (traditionally / /). The phoneme described in previous literature on the topic disappeared and was replaced by /iː/.
The Bolshoi Yugan vowel system includes these phonemes and also diphthongs [ui], [ɔɛ]. They appear after [k] where etimological , used to be. They probably are the realizations of the phonemes /iː/, /ɛ/ in the position after labialized k, which has become a phoneme.
Non-initial [w] is reported to be specific Jugan feature and appears to have parallels in Tromyegan idiom too. It is an evidence for the rearranging of the Surgut idioms. In this pronunciation type /w/ is realized as a labial approximant in an initial position and after not-rounded vowels in a non-final position. After not-rounded vowels in a final position it comes as an initial-voiced fricative evoking preceding vowel diphthongization. After rounded vowels it is labiovelar [γʷ] or non-syllabic [ʊ] (before consonants). This pronunciation type is similar to the Tromyegan type, but it differs from the Pim type where /w/ comes as a labial approximant consistently.
The disappearance of labial fricatives is a new phenomenon which has not been described properly. Territorial and social factors for this process are given. The Malyi Yugan speakers use lateral fricatives /ł/, / / and the Bolshoi Yugan speakers replace it by /t/, / /. In the settlement Ugut where Bolshoi and Malyi Yugan natives contact in Russianspoken environment both variants are used with t-pronunciation evaluated by speakers as new and declining from the ‘'right’ speech.

The following article focuses on semantical differences of verbal-nominal descriptive predicates constructed by verbs ispytyvat’ / ispytat’ from their lexically adequate verbal correlates. The Russian linguistic tradition describes such col-locations as verbal periphrasis, and this leads to a misjudgment of their semantical particularity. Our main goal is to describe the differences due to state semantical independence of the collocations from the verbs.
The study showed that an emotional state described by descriptive predicates with verbs ispytyvat’ / ispytat’ presupposes no explication, which differs them from some lexically adequate verbal correlates. It reveals an intra-subject nature of their semantics that can be manifested in a specific actant structure or in its implementation. It is also worth noting their semantic complexity and an important role of verbal component: different meanings of the verbal component cause different semantics of whole collocation even with the same nominal one. Thus, particular meaning of a nominal component and of a verbal one makes up semantics of a whole construction.
Many types and examples of semantical discrepancy between the verbal-nominal descriptive predicates and their lexically adequate verbal correlates leads to the necessity of describing their semantics departed from the verbal correlates’ meaning and of the refusal to consider them as means of verbal periphrasis.

Purpose. The study is devoted to main thematical motifs of Chekhov’s story “My Life”. The correspondence between them reveals thematical integrity of the story. Teleology, the philosofical and conceptual aim of literary creative work, gets its manifestation by means of thematic unity.
Results. The hero of the story, Misail Poloznev, breaks off relations with his narrow-minded father, an untalented civil architect. Gentry son, Misail would not choose some respectable job and prefers to work as a house-painter. He declares the importance of manual labor, so he feels like a social outcast in the town. The first leading motif of the story is a labor necessity. Another house-painter, Redka, shares its opinion. His credo is no lie, no deceive, technical skills. True and untrue way of living is the next important motif in the plot and thematical structure of the story. It realizes in two subjects: Masha Dolzhikova’s slogan “Everything is being past through” and Doctor Blagovo’s theory of progress indifferent to ethic goals of self-perfection. Misail Polosnev, on contrary, is sure that “nothing gets past through without a trace”, that a man is responsible on his deeds.
The motif of life as a play is a derivate of the responsibility motif. Masha plays in life like an actress. She and Dr. Dolzhikov are completely egoistic, so Misail’s father is. Misail, his sister and Redka live for others’ good. Finally, this way is the only right way to live.
Conclusion. The general theme of Chekov’s story “Me Life” is free will of the person tied with his or hers sense of responsibility. Motifs of free labor, true living and common duty units the thematical wholeness of the story. Its teleology is a need of ethic existence for everyone

The article is dedicated to unknown plots from the biography of Dmitry Kobyakov – one of the poets of “lost generation” who shared the fate of post-war Soviet repatriates. On the basis of unpublished letters of Kobyakov from the American archive of A. M. Remisov the author reveals the motives of the rapprochement of a famous writer and an aspiring poet. At the external level it was connected with the publication of Kobyakov’s verse books, but on a latent level had according with innovative trends in artistic poetic and prosaic discourse of the second half of the 1920s. The article presents the first part of the study devoted to the literary life of Russian Paris, in the center of which with the support of Remizov appeared unknown Dm. Kobyakov; it contains substantial additions to the literary portrait of young Remizov’s correspondent, as well as to the bibliography of Russian abroad. The description of the history of these creative contacts is the object of new documentary materials that also fill the gaps in Remizov’s biography concerning the topic of literary mentorship of the writer and ‘nest’ of young writers had formed around him in the 1920s – early 1930s.

Purpose. In the literature about A. T. Tvardovsky, the theme of the writer's religiosity was rarely touched upon. The memoirs of contemporaries retained contradictory facts, by which it is difficult to judge Tvardovsky’s true convictions. This article presents the results of the study of the language of the writer. His poetry served as the material, and “Workbooks” were also involved.
Results. Analysis of the poetic language showed that the life of the church, its language were familiar to a native of the Smolensk hinterland, as to every person of his time. Numerous references to various church realities are indicative – objects, buildings, people, sacraments, holidays. The subject of the research is the lexeme “God” and the peculiarities of its functioning in the poetic language of Tvardovsky, as well as, for comparison, in his documentary prose.
For the early Tvardovsky, the rejection of the “old world” and its beliefs for the sake of Marxist-Leninist ideology is relevant. One of the vivid evidence of this refusal is the reduction of the constants of the religious thinking of the Russian person to sayings, idioms, and mentioning God in vain. The most categorical atheistic statements are put into the mouths of the heroes of the poems, for example, Nikita Morgunok and Terkin. The word God in idiomatic expressions is usually desemantized. Leaders, political and cultural idols are most often compared with God.
Later, Tvardovsky significantly softens his atheistic positions, showing signs of spontaneous faith. He writes the penitential poem “By the Right of Memory”, becomes more careful and selective in expressions. Prose speech is enriched by a more conscious mention of God, mainly in contexts of supreme judgment, repentance and miraculous help. Tvardovsky opposes aggressive ideological policies that rudely try to replace one religion with another. In this process, he sees a metaphysical transition to the side of Evil.
Conclusion. Tvardovsky experienced a spiritual evolution from militant autheism to a spontaneous faith, in which he was most worried about the problems of Higher Judgment and repentance. The highest value for him continued to be a person.

Purpose. The article presents the results of the analysis of key female images in the novel by L. M. Leonov “Thief”: Masha Dolomanova, Tatiana Vekshina, Zinaida Balueva, Ksenia Babkina – whose fates are united by a typological commonality. The relevance of the study is due to the rethinking of the role of women in the modern world and art, and the formation of heroines, unhappy men in the world of men, in the literature of the 20^th century developed, including under the influence of post-revolutionary, post-war reality, under the influence of urbanization.
Methodology. The study based on the works devoted to the poetics of motif, image. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: determination of artistically significant motives; comparison of plot lines with precedent texts (mostly biblical); explanation of details that clarify the essence of female images. Using the method of motif analysis, identified the main motives involved in creating the storylines of each heroine, and their variants.
Results. The motif of violence is highlighted, which is presented in the following allomotives: sexual violence (including deprivation of innocence) – for all heroines, except for Zinaida Balueva; physical violence (beating) – images of Masha Dolomanova, Zinaida Balueva – and suicide (Ksenia Babkina); psychological abuse (like suppression of will, lack of care) – all heroines. Within the framework of the method of structural-typological analysis, female characters were correlated with the poles of the binary opposition between the evil wife and the good wife, ascending to the Holy Scriptures. It was found that, in addition to the motive of violence, which is present in the storyline of each heroine, but conditioned not by the will of the person, but by chance, Leonov’s female characters are united by the motive of temptation, temptation, which allows one to assess their individual position and explain the tragic outcome of life.
Conclusion. The female images in the novel “Thief” are comparable with such biblical personalities as Eve, Mary Magdalene, an unnamed Samaritan woman, Tatiana the Martyr. Their fates are determined by the actions or desires of other heroes, which, given the fact that they have not found their own God, ultimately leads to despair and irrevocable death.

The report on the international conference “Second Fortunatov Readings in Karelia”, held at Petrozavodsk State University on June 3–4, 2021, is presented. It is noted that the name of F. F. Fortunatov is a significant phenomenon in the history of world linguistics for understanding the development of scientific theory and methodology in linguistics. The scientist laid the foundations of modern grammatical theory, assessed controversial processes in the field of the history and accentology of Slavic and Baltic languages, and contributed to the formation of new linguistic trends. The Fortunatov School at the end of the 19^th century went beyond the geographical borders of Russia and became known abroad as one of the most advanced academic schools. A brief description of the program and the reports presented, covering the problems of historical and diachronic linguistics in the context of comparative and typological linguistics, language teaching methods, syntax, dialectology, communication theory, culture of language and poetics, is given. Special attention is paid to the relevance in modern linguistics of F. F. Fortunatov’s ideas. Parallels are drawn with related humanities disciplines.

The author analyzes the monograph “Utopian discourse in Russian culture of the late 19^th – 21^st century. Literature. Painting. Cinema”. The review determines the position of this book in modern science of projective models of the future. A key aspect is the continuity of previous studies on the category of utopia, and above all, B. F. Egorov, whose memory the book is dedicated to. The transition of modern art beyond the utopian genre is noticed. This confirms the appropriateness of the discursive technique. The author emphasizes the relevance of the traditional conversation about environmental problems and expresses bewilderment at the disregard by Western philologists of Russian fiction and scientific literature. As an unquestionable advantage of the monograph, its modern anthropological approach to the psychological details of private narrative utopias is noted.