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Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology

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Vol 23, No 9 (2024)
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LINGUISTICS

9-18 151
Abstract

Purpose. The struggle for the royal title recognition was one of priorities in the foreign policy of the Moscow State in diplomatic relations with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) at the turn of the 16th – 17th centuries. The purpose of the article is to identify the communication and pragmatic features of the controversy about the title «tsar» betweenthe Russian monarch Boris Godunov and the Lithuanian ambassadors, which was preserved in the documents of the embassy of the GDL’s Chancellor Lew Sapieha to Moscow (1600–1601).

Results. The main communication strategy of Boris Godunov in obtaining the recognition of the royal title was ration-al argumentation: succession by the right of inheritance and conquest, recognition by Christian and Muslim rulers, observance of the necessary rituals and diplomatic protocol. However, the key arguments of the Russian monarch were regarded by the Lithuanian side as a manipulative influence attempt, since they did not have sufficient documentary and factual confirmation. In turn, Lithuanian ambassadors also used verbal manipulation: deliberate substitution of the meaning of words, appeal to «God’s justice» and opponent’s emotions.

Conclusion. Despite the failure to achieve recognition of the royal title, the analyzed polemics played an important role in the development of Russian diplomatic communication, since: 1) it let clearly formulate the official position of the Russian government and systematize relevant arguments in favor of the royal title, 2) stimulated the search for new communication strategies and tactics to legitimize the royal title in foreign policy relations with the GDL.

19-32 132
Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the article is to describe intratextual glosses in the Charter of Military, Cannon and Other Matters Relating to Military Science, the reasons for and ways of introducing them into the text.

Results. Three sources of gloss were identified: the author of Kriegsbuch L. Fronsperger, the translators (A. Radishevsky, M. Yuryev and I. Fomin) and the publishers of the text. The glosses in the German text were formed using the conjunctions oder (in the Russian translation it corresponds to the conjunctions syrech and ili), das ist (in the Russian syrech and to yest’) and mainly served to explain the borrowed vocabulary from the Latin, in isolated cases from the Italian and the Greek. The publishers' glosses are a few bracketed inclusions, inside which an explanation is given for some obsolete nominations or variants of words. Approximately 50 glosses entered by translators explain spatial measurements, chemicals and materials, names of persons by occupation or duties, military affairs. Syntactically, they are more often formed using the conjunctions syrech and to yest’, rarely the conjunction ili.

Conclusion. Fronsperger’s rare glosses were oriented to the German reader of the second half of the 16th century, who was well acquainted with military and scientific terminology, numerous translators' glosses – to the Russian reader of the early 17th century, who was not familiar with European scientific texts of the New Age, publishers' glosses – to the reader of the second half of the 18th century, who no longer knew some Russian words of the 17th century.

33-43 137
Abstract

Purpose. The article studies peculiarities of anthroponyms and ethnonyms in the city landscape. The purpose of the work is to analyze these components from the point of view of integral approach. The empirical material includes official and unofficial names of Moscow and Chelyabinsk received by continuous sampling from the city Internet sites, literary work illustrations, dictionaries.

Results. Attributive phrases with anthroponyms and ethnonyms dominate in the analyzed minor place names. Anthroponyms and ethnonyms concretize the place, the attitude to city objects. Negative or ironical connotations are typical of unofficial minor place names with anthroponyms, while ethnonyms in unofficial minor place names are of-ten neutral. The names of famous politicians, mayors, governors often become the source of transonymization which reflects critical attitude of the city residents to their activity. Abbreviation and wrong usage of the names of admin-istration representatives help create negative connotations of the minor place name.

Conclusion. The authors argue that transonymization of anthroponyms in the city linguistic landscape results in the lack of understanding of such minor place names by non-residents, but such rethought nominations of the city objects and phenomena are clear for the residents even when the inefficient representative of the city or region administration leaves the office. On the other hand, mainly the old and middle generations of the city residents recognize and use minor place names with ethnonyms.

44-52 130
Abstract

Purpose. The article describes the linguocultural specifics of metaphorization of general representations of jewelry in the Russian linguistic picture of the world. The relevance of the topic is related to the use of lexemes with the root jewel- in various contexts based on metaphorization and figurative representation of heterogeneous phenomena. The purpose of the research is to determine main directions of metaphorization in the semantic field «Jewelry» based on lexicographic data and contexts from the «National Corpus of the Russian Language». The sample consists of 144 examples with metaphorical meaning of the lexemes jeweler, jeweled and jewelry selected from the National Corpus of the Russian Language.

Results. Contextual analysis and analysis of conceptual metaphor identified 6 main slots representing the basis for metaphorization.

Conclusion. The metaphorization with the source jewel- in the Russian linguistic picture of the world describes not only qualities of a jeweler, but also the process and the result of jewelry work. The signs associated with the process and the results of jewelry work are the basis for metaphorization in most cases. Metaphorical contexts of «General representations of jewelry» predominantly reflect a positive evaluation, even while describing a criminal act, the emphasis is on accuracy and invisibility taken as positive aspects of this activity.

53-68 91
Abstract

Purpose. The authors conducted a comparative study of the general statistical characteristics of modern Russian and Serbian punctuation practice using the material of Internet texts from the early 20s of the 21st century.

Results. The authors analyzed three important characteristics of punctuation practice: the composition and frequency of punctuation situations, the lexical indicators of syntactic relations used (conjunctions, particles, introductory words, etc.), and the occurrence of punctuation marks. The Russian and Serbian parts of the sample are balanced in terms of the number of uses of punctuation marks and in terms of their focus/lack of focus on compliance with the norm on the Internet platforms provided to the authors of the texts. The comparative study revealed similarities and differences in all analyzed parameters.

Conclusion. It was found that the high degree of similarity of the main indicators caused by the kinship and typological similarity of the languages is combined with obvious differences, including different occurrence of punctuation situations in graphic practice, different composition and different activity of formal indicators of syntactic connection, different density of punctuation marks per punctuation situation. This means that a comparative study of punctuation practice taking into account statistical data allows us to identify the real relationship between the two punctuation systems, rather than the relationship set by normative documents.

69-79 109
Abstract

Purpose. The article describes zoonyms of the Altai language and folklore denoting mustelids, representatives of the fauna of the Altai Mountains. This lexical-semantic group of lexemes in the Altai linguistic culture has not been thoroughly studied yet. The identification of the lexical potential of zoonyms denoting mammals of the mustelid family provide information about the etymology, dialect variants, donative and connotative features that express ideas about those animals in the language and folklore of the Altaians, and their mythological context of use.

Results. Lexical meanings of zoonyms have been identified and established: agas /aas ‘ermine’, kish ‘sable’, borsuk ‘badger’, jeeken ‘wolverine’, saras ‘kolinsky’, ‘weasel’, kushkuly/kalazak ‘weasel’, suzar ‘marten’, ‘mink’, toktonok ‘weasel’. Of these, the general Turkic layer of vocabulary includes: agas ‘ermine’, suzar ‘marten’, kish ‘sable’, borsuk ‘badger’, küzen/joonmoiyn ‘ferret’, jeeken ‘wolverine’. Denotative and connotative features that characterize animals are presented in various folklore and literary texts that provide information about their color, body structure, habitat, and their habits.

Conclusion. In the religious and mythological picture of the world of the Altaians, such animals as kish/albaa ‘sable’, agas ‘ermine’ were revered totem animals. In relation to these animals, there were certain rules of behavior during the hunt. These factors influenced the development of a system of euphemisms in the language of hunters, formed with the help of such linguistic means of objectifying concepts as metaphor and metonymy.

80-91 100
Abstract

Purpose. The article describes Khakass proverbs and sayings that represent the socio-economic relations of a person in society. Currently, many issues relating to the description of a person’s image through paremic expressions in the Khakass language have not yet received proper coverage, which determines the relevance of this study.

Results. The authors have come to the conclusion that the socio-economic aspect is widely represented in Khakass proverbs and sayings. It is realized in the images of people, relatives, children, friends, enemies, masters, guests, neighbors, as well as men and women. The image of the people affirms the norms and rules of collectivism and peaceful coexistence in society. Children, parents and relatives are the main components of family relationships and always come to the aid of each other. The host is distinguished by his hospitality, and the guest, in turn, does not abuse this. As a rule, neighbors are endowed with such qualities as kindness and responsiveness. Based on the analyzed linguistic material, a man is endowed with a higher proportion of stereotypical characteristics: strength, stamina, strength of character, etc. And a woman appears as a kind, gentle and strong person.

Conclusion. Economic relations reflect the ideas about a person’s financial condition, their work activity and the commodity-money sphere. The key to a person’s success in the Khakass society is adherence to the principles of col-lectivism, mutual assistance, tolerance, perseverance, education of the younger generation and caring attitude towards each other.

LITERATURE

92-101 142
Abstract

Purpose. The article studies the features of composition and structure of Ivan Fyodorov’s edition the Psalter with Book of Hours, which is considered as a particular version of the Augmented Psalter miscellany.

Results. Authors analyze main components of the edition from the point of view of their correspondence to the manuscript and early printed tradition of the Augmented Psalter of the 15th – 16th centuries and search for their possible sources. The article reveals peculiarities of composition of the texts in the Horologion part and suggests that the miscellany was specially adapted to the needs of parish churches, in which there was no need or possibility to celebrate the daily divine worship prescribed by the Jerusalem Typicon. The article identifies possible sources of the foreword part to the Psalter and concludes that Ivan Fyodorov was guided by the contemporary manuscript tradition of Augmented Psalter, but the selection and composition of the texts are original and do not yet find exact correlations in manuscripts and early printed miscellanies. The article analyses the features of composition of the superscriptions to psalms and their sources that were the commentaries of pseudo-Athanasius of Alexandria and superscriptions probably based on the glosses reflecting the exegesis of Theodoret of Cyrus.

Conclusion. The authors conclude that the edition of Psalter with the Book of Hours stands out among its contemporary manuscript and early printed analogues by its original compositions of the foreword part and particular edition of the superscriptions to psalms.

102-111 149
Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to consider the role of the Yuletide story in the poetics of A. Ostrovsky’s play Poverty is Not a Vice, the tasks are to identify the Yuletide elements in this play, analyze inserted objects (artistic texts of poems and songs), plot, system of characters, lines, etc.

Results. Ostrovsky depicts a tragic situation (an irreconcilable enmity between an older brother and a younger brother who is an alcoholic; a father who gives his daughter to a rich old man without love) and leads it to a comedic outcome. The Christmas miracle has no logic, it happens suddenly – hence the implausibility of Gordey’s forgiveness of the ir-reconcilable «enemy for life» Lyubim. Yuletide elements create a festive atmosphere on stage and in the text of the work, during which good magic is possible.

Conclusion. Pride becomes a turning point in the development of intrigue in A. Ostrovsky’s play Poverty is Not a Vice. This play as a comedy is primarily characterized by a positive outcome of intrigue, enhanced by a Yuletide story so confident in genre diffusion. But the miracle here, in the genre-generic diffusion «drama (comedy) – Christmas story», is not the wedding of Mitya and Lyubov Gordeevna, but the reconciliation of Gordey Karpych with his brother Lyubim, the return of the plot of the prodigal son to its original biblical course. Under the influence of the Christmas story, the play, which is close to drama and even tragedy, turns into a comedy.

112-123 92
Abstract

Purpose. Regarding Bunin’s texts’ principal dynamism and the writer’s resistance to the very idea of almost each of his works’ completeness, the author of the article attributes quotations from Maspero’s Ancient History of the Peoples of Orient revealing their alterations from early redactions of Bunin’s The Temple of the Sun to later ones. It is demonstrated how dramatic was the impact of these citations once used in order to form Bunin’s view on Egypt on «non-Egyptian» prosaic works of the 1910s.

Results. The first result reached in the course of the analysis is the accurate attribution of obscure fragments as in fact borrowed from Maspero. Secondly, it was shown how Bunin treats his precursor’s text – creating his own associations, reducing and tightening initial passages. Thirdly, the paper demonstrates how descriptions and notions derived from the book of French historian have been transformed in their very nature: diverse facts and notions have become an integral poetic imagination inspirated by scenes of decline of the Ancient World. And finally, the article investigates some traces of Bunin’s «Egyptian text» in his mature prose works – exemplifying short stories The Chalise of Life and The Dust as most representative ones.

Conclusion. The author concludes that Bunin’s intertextual poetics was specific in many respects. As it became clear in examples provided in the article, the text borrowed from another writer and «alienated» with inverted commas in fact, in its essence, was completely subordinated by Bunin to his general artistic strategy losing even slight tint of Bakhtinian «someone else’s word».

124-131 120
Abstract

Purpose. The article examines two aspects of the railway: as a cultural phenomenon and as an example of thematic motif in poetic text.

Results. The appearance of the railway was not only an important technical achievement, but also formed a previously unknown cultural code with distinctive features. Firstly, with a paradoxical sense of stability of the path and at the same time, promising disaster in case of deviation, incommensurable rides on horseback. Secondly, with the feeling of simultaneous presence into opposite spaces – at the unchanging point of the carriage and in the constantly changing panorama outside the window. Thirdly, a qualitatively new sense of rhythm, accelerated and hinting as the possibility of change. As a result, a new type of discursive reality arises, leading to an original type of text formation. So, in parallel with the cultural code, another arises – an artistic one, characterized by uniqueness and exclusivity. An example of an artistic code related to the theme of the railway is M. Tsvetaeva’s poem Rails (1923). Based on the tradition of traveling by rail as symbolic movement towards non-existence, Tsvetaeva actualizes the mortal motif in her own way, built on conflict of hard (iron) and soft (canvas), as well as on introducing a musical motif into the text (the linearity of musical lines) along with the original sound recording, creating the effect of a patronymic attraction.

Conclusion. Thus, in the poem Rails we observed the struggle of two models – generative inscribed in the paradigm of culture, and inter-iterative, actively opposing the paradigm and, thanks to syntagma, determining the self-closure of the poetic text.

132-143 174
Abstract

Purpose. The article presents an analysis of V. Zazubrin's story Sliver (1923) from the perspective of ornamental prose on the background of the crumbling purity of literary genres.

Results. The focus on the high genre is evidenced by the capital letter of the pronoun in the subtitle of the work: «A Tale of Her and of Her», i. e. about the Revolution and Her again. In contrast to this intention, the apocalyptic imagery of the work presents the revolutionary era in the corridors of a terrifying world. The poetic layer of the text is shaped by the lyrical voice of the protagonist, enhanced by the ornamental richness of the associations. The poignancy of his inner bout, based on the attraction for revolution and repulsion from it, heightens the emotional tension of the entire work.

Conclusion. At the level of intertextual dialogue the influence of Blok's poem The Twelve on the poetics of Sliver is palpable. This is evidenced by the characteristic details of the plot: the atmosphere of the night, the street, the wind, the Chekist rampage, which correlates with the rampage of the elements, as well as the mosaicism of images and the intermittent rhythm of the narrative. Accompanying stylistic elements in the story are the poetics of contrasts, the technique of counterpoint, the density of tropes, the hyperbolization of images, which reproduce the dissonant «music» of the red terror.

144-149 127
Abstract

Purpose. The article deals with the spatial characteristics of everyday life in The Tale of a Sister by M. A. Osorgin.

Results. The analysis of the space of everyday life in the story identified several key locations: the parents’ house, Lisa’s apartment after her marriage, Evgeny Karlovitch’s and Katya’s house. The closet is an important place for little Kostya. That is where the secret of the strong friendship between the protagonist and his elder sister was born. The author’s emphasis on the sound component is noticeable along with the absence of bright colors in the depiction of the everyday space. The ordinariness in the story most often flows silently, and unusual events are described by sound characteristics.

Conclusion. The image of everyday space in The Tale of a Sister has characteristic techniques used by the author. These are minimal detailing, lack of bright colors, and an emphasis on sounds, in particular. The minimal detailing might be the specific artistic style of M. A. Osorgin’s story. Despite the limited amount of descriptive details, the author creates a convex and tangible picture of the everyday life at that time, which fits organically into the struc-ture of the story and reflects the peculiarities of the characters’ lives.

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ISSN 1818-7919 (Print)