In this article the author describes one of the formative stages of Russian medieval publicism on the basis of works written by Maximus the Greek. The aim is to represent Maximus the Greek as the first Russian publicist. In Russian culture XVI century was a period when literature and reality in the art of writing history made a strong alliance. The air of hesitation, searching for the answers, polemics, courts, church councils, and a race for power are the outstanding characteristics of that time. The works of Maximus the Greek who arrived to Moscow from Afon in March, 1518, were formed in the context of three cultures: Italian Renaissance, Byzantian Orthodoxy and Russian reality. His life in Italy was connected both to the prominent representatives of humanitarian culture and Dominican priest Savonarola, and it provided for his artistic potential. Studying patristics in Vatopedi monastery formed the basis of his writing practice, there he took the monastic vows and spent ten years, during which he wrote several early essays. In Russia his creative work succeeded, Maximus the Greek created about 150 essays of different genres on topical questions of social and cultural life in Muscovia. Maximus the Greek brought to Russia a new culture of word based on the achievements of Byzantian literature tradition and capture of Italian Renaissance language. The inestimable contribution of Maximus the Greek is that he introduced the experience of humanitarian philology and text criticism practice in Rus, thus providing the development of art of word rational theory. Main achievements of the medieval writer include his work on restoration and promotion of patristics in Rus, his translation and education works, and big various manuscript heritage. In this research the author points out the expression of writer's pragmatist position. High self-awareness, dignified self-esteem, concern about the impression from his works, representation of his words as an invincible weapon in polemics with unorthodox, which becomes his heritage, active work of a confined monk on social opinion formation concerning several topical questions in ideology and moral theology make Maximus the Greek an outstanding author among the church writers of that time. The establishment of publicism as an independent kind of literary creation in Russia happend due to the influence of Maximus the Greek. He should be accepted as the first publicist in Russia, which a bit eliminates his role of a preacher. Author's codices for Russian readers written by Maximus the Greek assure us that the learned monk recognized himself as a writer of unwillingly obtained Orthodox motherland where both tsar's will and Divine Providence prepared for him a dramatic fate that predestined the immortality.

The article analyzes the editorial and publishing strategies and tactics of the magazine ‘Vsemirnyj Trud’ (‘The World Labor’), examines the history of the publication and the dynamics of the literary and aesthetic views of the critical department of the journal. On the example of critical articles of Nikolai Ivanovich Solovyov, Petr Dmitrievich Boborykin, Vasily Ivanovich. Kelsiev, Nikolay Dmitrievich. Akhsharumov are considered the basic concepts of the publication, the techniques selected by the critical department for the interpretation of artistic texts and aesthetic phenomenon. Particular attention is paid to the reputation of writers who formed the literary circle of the journal - Alexei Feofilaktovich Pisemsky, Petr Dmitrievich Boborykin, Vasily Petrovich Avenarius, Nikolai Dmitrievich Akhsharumov and others. The hypothesis was put forward that the novelists of the «second» and «third» layers aren’t developed their «social prestige», but on the contrary experienced certain reputation losses caused by the choice of the magazine. The last remark determines the possible prospect of research - consideration of publication tactics as a factor that influences the lifelong and posthumous literary reputation of the mass-writer. Summing up the above observations, we states that this episode of the history of Russian journalism is quite indicative in terms of pragmatics and the strategy of a magazine that determines the social demand and the reputational significance of the publication. Independent tactics, hesitating in the choice between utilitarianism and aestheticism, practicality and rationalism, ‘World Labor’ could not attract the reader in any coherent and consistent program. The fiction department, often compensating for this discrepancy, also had to cause an ambiguous impression. The magazine, simultaneously criticizing the negative trend in art and the romanticism of new prose, on the one hand, claiming to approve a new aesthetic program, correcting the views of Vissarion Belinsky (and the fundamental articles of Nikolay Akhsharumov and Petr Boborykin) and responding to inappropriate satirical attacks on insignificant criticism of democratic publications, undoubtedly in the fight against the public opinion, paradoxically was an example of chaos, disorder, something unsettled and from this unattractive. Particular attention should be paid to the circumstance that the reputation of this publication had a direct impact on the «social and literary prestige» (by P. Bourdieu) of the writers participating in it. The last remark opens the prospect of this research, allowing to consider the literary section and the literary environment as a factor directly influencing the lifetime and posthumous literary reputation of the mass writer.

The article analyzes the advanced articles of the satirical magazine «Silhouettes of life of the native city», founded in 1909 in the city of Tomsk. It differed from other Tomsk satirical journals with a clear focus on the all-Russian magazine Satirikon, the work of illustrators, the wealth of satirical genres presented on its pages, and, in addition, the change of typological status, since in 1910 the magazine «Silhouettes of life of the native city» was not only renamed the «Silhouettes of Siberia», but also evolved from the satirical into the literary and artistic illustrated. The editorial was not provided for in the publication program: for the Siberian satirical periodical of the reaction period, this was an extremely complex genre, since both the social situation and censorship conditions did not allow openly discussing topical problems of our time on the pages of the press. Therefore, an interesting innovation was also the introduction of the editorial structure of the editorial articles, «disguised» for parodic reports on the work of the editorial board. The study analyzes the specifics of these «reports», reveals the methods and techniques of «disguising» the serious issues raised under humorous descriptions of the editorial life. Already the first parodic «report» on the editorial life, published in the first issue of the Silhouettes... was a full-fledged editorial, as it concerned the main principles formulated by the journal with regard to its direction. The chosen form of parody allowed, on the one hand, to soften the severity of statements, on the other - made the text more «easy» for perception by the mass audience on which the journal was oriented. The remaining editorial «reports» described the meetings of the editorial committee on various occasions of the journal's life. This is the editor's refusal from his post and his «escape» from the editorial office; discussion of the tightening of editorial policy in relation to scammers; analysis of the results of elections to the city duma, etc. All of them followed the same principle: a humorous description of the actions of employees (always denoted only by pseudonyms), humorous replicas of the author of the «reports» that «masked» the posing of important public issues: the impossibility of «independent journalism» under conditions of reaction, the work of the Tomsk Duma, about the problems of city life, etc. It is concluded that, using parodic «reports» instead of traditional editorials, the magazine's editorial team solved a number of problems: raising important public problems, attracting the attention of its potential audience, revealing the «inner kitchen» of the editorial life, the interest in which grew at the beginning XX century in connection with the formation of journalism as a mass profession. The study allows us to talk about the magazine following the traditions of advanced satirical journalism, laid down by N. I. Novikov, N. V. Gogol, «Iskra-ists» and developed in the early XX century in the journal «Satyricon», reveals the relationship of «great» Russian and regional satire.

The article develops some statements, described in the innovative article of E. V. Kapinos «Literature» and «fact» in the Novosibirsk magazine «The Present (1928-1930)». In that article, the author managed to present the magazine as a common text, connected by unity of topics, motives, and method of material submission. At the same time, some topics and motives, specified by the explorer, assume further development. Particularly, problems of discourse strategy of the magazine, methods of the battle of journalists and publicists with psychological fiction, which includes artistic fiction and polemics with existing forms of theatrical art are described in this article. Having as example essays of A. Course «In the foreign house», E. Lynch «Lyrical fishers», the author shows, how, appealing to the main thesis of «Left Art Front» - «literature of the fact», the authors also used fiction, appealing, to be honest, not to poetics principals, but the basis of rhetorics. The larger extent of rhetorics of discourse allowed to actively enter to ideology problems, passing fundamental aesthetic categories. Together with critical comprehension of the art of the main enemy of «The Present» - Sergey Esenin, in the space of the prose arts of M. Gorkiy, M. Sholokhov, V. Ivanov and others have become objects of critics. Herewith, authors of published materials claimed, that exactly «fictitiousness» of literature includes abilities of ideological diversion. Special annoyance of such publicists of «The Present» as A. Course, I. Elst, B. Reznikov has been evoked by theatrical art, especially opera and ballet. Authors directly declared, that activity of theatres, beginning with the «Sibgosopera» and concluding by «Grand Theatre», directed to young part of the proletariat. Generally, summarizing results of publicists activity, we need to say, that, inventing the project of the Siberian literature, its creators had two goals - to eliminate traditional forms of art and simultaneously to involve wide groups of people into the process of art. They successfully managed the first goal, but the second was completely unrealized. The unpreparedness of semi-literate proletariat to representing samples of the led to the internal crisis of «The Present». The coincidence of the internal crisis with coming up of Stalin’s totalitarianism in the area of art led to the closing of the magazine in the January of 1930.

The article deals with characteristic features of Omsk newspapers of one decade - from 1985 to 1995, and reveals the specificity of regional journalism of the period of perestroika so as the first post-perestroika years, when the Soviet system of printing has undergone a serious transformation. Features of Omsk journalism of this period is revealed by the example of a topic - construction of new building of the regional library named after A. S. Pushkin in Omsk city. So, in 1985 the episode that triggered the media interest in this topic was the award of the Diploma of VDNKh to the Omsk architects who have designed the new building. Newspapers supported the intention of the architects to resist the attempts of the builders to simplify a unique project and began to outwatch the construction of the building. Due to the difficult economic situation in those years the construction was delayed, and then the journalists of the leading Omsk media actually put under the control the progress of the building. Since 1990, the process of formation of market economy reflects in publications on this subject: analyzing the causes of protracted, journalists offer to implement the new market mechanisms more actively, for example, take a building on lease contract. After the enactment of the Mass Media Act new editions are starting to be issued in Omsk, the old ones change their founders. So, labor collectives of the editors become the co-founders of newspapers, which were bodies of the regional Committee and city Committee of the CPSU in the recent past. Nearly all the newspapers continue to refer to the construction of the regional library. However, even such socially significant theme at times is exploited to obtain political dividends. The article revealed the following publications of this period: the desire of the media to become an institution, deciding important public issues; breaking the hierarchy of the Soviet media, expressed, for example, that youth publication dared to criticize the regional party leadership; the emergence of the interest of journalists to the economic dimension; the emergence of the debate between the media and their use as a tool of political struggle; the emergence of new types of publications.

This paper presents the peculiarities of the regional information policy implementation in the circumstances of the contemporary communicative space. In particular, the place of the information in the society’s activity is studied, as well as the problems arising from the mass information consumption. Digital media in comparison with the traditional ones have more democratic opportunities, but in this case the information appears as an economic and political resource. This combination causes the risk of the prevalence of the interests of one or more subjects of the information space, which can be opposed to the public interests and keep down the development, which necessitates the management of the information space. Information policy is regarded as one of the tools for political administration, with technological and content-related aspects in the context of mutual interaction and the necessity of the new system of information and psychological relations development which will insure the next stage of community development. Moreover, the information policy expresses the interests of its units, among which are the state, large businesses, transnational media corporations, civil institutes, non-commercial and non-governmental organizations, transnational social networks, individuals. However, the state plays the leading role. The importance of the activity distribution limits determines the allocation of the regional information policy which is to form the united information space of the region with its integration into the global one. Educational activity in general and media literacy in particular are proposed to be considered as one of the most important strategic directions of the state regional information policy. The important issue of information policy implementation is the politicization of the media which appears in the fact that the media has the state in direct command; or by the presence of the political leaders in the editorial staff administration or media guardianship boards or other types of boards; and also by issuing different state subsidies, government grants and other government programmes for the media. As a result, the regional information space depends immensely on the size and type of the direct or indirect presence of the state and those in power. In its turn, in the basic documents which directly control the state information policy in the regions, the nature and the extent of the presence of the state media in the regional information space are said to be the key performance indicators for the effectiveness of work done to provide the citizens with the information from the substantive aspects point of view, which was examined in the example of Voronezh region. The contemporary media consumption is changing rapidly, and in these circumstances the media need to keep up with these changes to survive. Messengers are growing more popular, gaining huge audience and letting the information to be spread on a massive scale. The media should use this to achieve the maximum of the cross-channel information distribution. The task of the state information policy is to be in the centre of all the changes, study and forecast them, thus developing the strategy of the information space management.

According to the US census (2010), Latin American population in the country is more 50 million people. It should be mentioned that Latin Americans are not only the largest and the youngest ethnic group within USA, they also represent the most dynamic force shaping country's future. In fact, nowadays every aspect of American culture and society is being changed under Hispanic influence. Thus, new American culture is being formed in the process of mixing the two cultures (Englishspeaking and Spanish-speaking). This new culture is unique because it is rich in traditions and is determined by values created only over several generations. However, the US English-language media portrayed Latin Americans mainly through lens of entertainment, through caricatures and satirical stories that attracted their audience. The most popular stereotypes about Latin Americans created by means of English-language media are lazy Mexican, Latino mistress, servant, but the most widespread and destructive Hispanic image is a brutal Latin American criminal. History of these stereotypes’ creation is deeply rooted in US literature and entertainment media. At the beginning, these stereotypes were created and popularized during the industrial revolution due to cheap tabloid novels’ circulation in which Latin Americans played roles of scoundrels. Then Hollywood started to spread negative images of Hispanics by means of films and TV shows. It should be noted that Hispanic images in films and on television are very important as they shape this ethnic group perception within the country and influence on how Latin Americans are treated in the modern American society. Today, Hispanic social groups mobilize to challenge the limitations of US English-language media that tend to portray Latinos only through the prism of stereotypes. US English-speaking media bias goes very often beyond negative stereotypes due to lack of Latino staff in these media, i.e. despite the growing number of Hispanics within the United States, their employment in leading US media is reduced to zero. So, necessity to resist negative image of Latinos and to get favorable telecommunication policy for them inspired the creation of The National Hispanic Media Coalition (NHMC) in 1986 in Los Angeles. In a relatively short period of time, NHMC got the status of the most popular and authoritative national Latin American media in the United States. One of the main achievements of NHMC was the Memorandum of Understanding. The thing is NHMC together with representatives of African and Asian American communities, representatives of four major television networks signed the Memorandum of Understanding, through which they combined their efforts to diversify US television network staff. All in all, the main purpose of this article is to outline the process of Latino images’ formation by US English-speaking media, because these images are very important as they influence on attitude towards Latin Americans within the country.

The article is devoted to the consideration of strategies and ways of creating a media image of a historical personality in popular historical journals. The conclusion is drawn that historical figures not only represent interest for mass consciousness as signs of modern and past political events, but also are conditioned by the audience's need for absorption of «meanings». These images fill the media space with discourses and often become a rich material for the creation of various kinds of recreational texts. It is noted that the principle of recognizability of a historical personality plays a key role in communication with the reader, stimulating his interest in publications and journals in general. The article refers to two types of publications: those designed for the average level of competence of the recipient and those that represent the most massive, often aggressive, social stereotypes. The author of the article builds on the concepts of «media image» and «personosphere» and treats the question of reality / virtuality and historical personalities and literary heroes from the point of view of the concept of simulacra and reality as narration. It is noted that the historical figure as such has become the object of almost all universal Russian publications, but most of the materials devoted to recognizable personalities are contained in specialized journals, and that the general seme of hidden truth underlies all the names of these weekly newspapers: «secrets», «secret», «archives», «prohibition». Opposition truth / lie is a successful manipulative technique that allows you to produce a lot of crypto-historical texts. The article concludes that, in terms of using archetypes, such publications are similar in their impact strategies to image-forming texts. This kind of material about historical personalities engender in mass culture debates and disputes, thus forming a pseudo-intellectual media field, covering all spheres of life of the modern reader. If we take into account that the historical personality is one of the forms of manifestation of national identity and the representation of the national myth, then in the mass cultural publications an anecdotal image of the historical figure, its carnival twin, is represented. Multifacetedness and masochism, as best as possible, is realized through stories about various kinds of adventurers (scams) and scammers acting in exceptional circumstances. On these themes, entire narratives are often built in the spirit of adventurous subjects. All these publications are thematically quite predictable and meet the principles of constructing a recreational text. In the body of modern materials, the author of the article identifies several thematic blocks, regularly reproduced by this kind of publications. Separately, the materials of the magazine «Amateur» are considered as the most successful project in the declared aspect. It is asserted that the quality of the publication lies in the content of the materials, the media status of the authors and in the compositional alignment according to the principles of the artistic text of the whole issue.

The article examines some aspects of contemporary English-speaking media space in the context of virtual reality (VR). The emergence of such media platform as VR headsets has led to new forms of delivering news and formation of immersive journalism. The purpose of the article is to examine the benefits of virtual technologies and their contribution to user involvement in narrative. Also to study the most relevant and prospective news stories for such new media space. And to scrutinize the potential problems journalists encounter during their work in virtual reality. The New York Times and The Guardian are one of the first major media brands to put in practice VR and 360 videos as a new storytelling platform. The vast majority of news stories are not suited for VR. It should be used to amplify stories that are suited to its strong point - putting a viewer in the scene. Places that are hard to get to or where people are scarcely likely to travel or where turning head side-toside is indispensable. There is no point in using spherical video if all the action is front and centre as it occurs in political debate. The benefit of shooting events in virtual reality is that it allows audience to rediscover new elements each time they watch it that they may have put out of account before. One potential future area could be to capture historical events so that we can do comprehensive analysis in the future tense. VR presents opportunities, but also brings up serious ethical dilemmas about representation, privacy, intellectual property and media effects. VR journalists may manipulate the viewer by designing virtual worlds for specific deliberate outcome. The second issue is cost and complexity of producing VR media. The post-production step for stitching is incredibly time-consuming and laborious. The slowest step in the spherical-video workflow is stitching together the files from multiple cameras. Virtual reality has the potential to reinforce storytelling by offering the audience experience and environment that are out of reach in terms of location: life in a refugee camp or in Fukushima after a devastating earthquake and tsunami caused a meltdown at a nuclear power plant, or travelling to Paris after the terrorist attacks that occurred on Friday 13 November 2015. But we have to draw attention to the other side of new digital technologies when users perceive virtual objects as authentic physical space, which leads to false impressions and memories. It is also worth mentioning that virtual reality project is not a separate single story, but a part of complex narratives that are conveyed across multiple platforms which can be classified as transmedia storytelling.

The article investigates the figure of Siberian scientist. Siberian scientist is a researcher of one of the institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), subordinate to the Federal agency of scientific organizations. Before the reform of Russian Academy of sciences SB RAS was the largest regional branch of the Academy. It included researching institutes located on the territory of the Siberian Federal District and adjacent territories. Scientific publications of this community make a significant contribution to the overall set of scientific articles of Russian scientists. Because of it we were interested in studying the figure of Siberian scientist. However, it should be noted that not all scientific research and publications are reflected in the mass media. So the part of the topics in mass media does not correspond to the volume of scientific research of the same topics. We analyzed 120 texts published in 2017 and relevant to the request «The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (in different cases and form). The purpose of this study was to identify the semantic components of the image of «Siberian scientist» in the mass media texts (topics, science fields, and scientists). The data showed that the most often topics were safety (including ecology), medicine and management in science. This is due to the fact that in 2017 was the election of the Academy's leadership and its branches, which were also transferred from the first half of the year to the second. The most common words are: «RAS (Russian Academy of sciences)», «scientist», «institute», «Russia», «Russian», «science», «world», «scientific», «Siberian» and «Novosibirsk». The number of texts about regions directly correlates with the number of scientific institutions in this location. It is also interesting that in texts it is often indicated both geographic references: to the country and to a region. Words related to the fields of the research were «material», «potato», «preparation», «plant», «elections», «seals», «disease», «cancer», «Baikal». The most popular persons were Mikhail Lavrent'ev, Dmitry Belyaev, Valentin Parmon and Sergey Alekseenko. Two of them are historical figures and two of them are better known for their achievements in administrative work, although their scientific results are also great.

Changes in the modern media world keep the problem of studying news headlines on the Internet actual. In analyzing headlines it should be taken into consideration that news is a product to sell, that is why the news text is made considering the law of supply and demand. News editors of «peripheral» Internet resources have to deal with the controversy. On the one hand, they must use keywords in headlines for search results. On the other hand, they have to seek for the maximum uniqueness of a text. A recent tendency towards automated robot journalism manifests itself in the technologization of the process of news aggregation and production of simplest texts. The analysis of Yandex news compilation allows to compare similar news headlines and to reveal the linguistic means of news presentation. Headlines interpret the same news content in different ways and have different manipulative potentials. The initial cognitive model of a situation is performed in an Internet news headline. An event can be represented by mentioning participants and their actions, or an object of an action, or particular circumstances. A news text is an event message that is supposed to change the existing worldview, so a headline is formed as a narrative frame. Depending on what is in the focus (a participant of an event, an object or an activity), frames could be divided into «subject»-centred and action-centred. In this regard a headline is formed according to the classical scheme: the subject - the predicate - an object (an adverbial), that is implemented in a superficial structure of a simple sentence scheme. The locative (the place of an event) is extremely important for news. That word order of a simple sentence proves to be the most convenient for translations from English and into English. However, within a clear framework there is an opportunity to interpret the same event in different ways. The difference in covering the same event depends on the choice of a newsmaker (1), a description of the action (2) and its’ object (or circumstances) (3). The paper illustrates these opportunities, comparing and contrasting the headlines of Yandex news compilation with the same information content. Understanding the significance of a message depends largely on contextual awareness (national-cultural, political, etc.). In a “subject”-centred headline the choice of a subject and an object is of great importance as it forms the structure of a binominal judgment. The interpretation of an action in an action-centred headline is connected with the predicative that determines the connection between a statement and reality, and contains an assessment of actions. The emphasis in the frame content allows to actualize different aspects of an event.

The article analyzes the pragmatic role of be likely to and ( be ) expected to markers in the journalist’s point of view and the actual information source expressing in the headline-judgments. For material of investigation we choose 250 publications in The Guardian Newspaper (2012-2017). On the base of contextual analyses of the headline-judgments it is argued that these markers reveal systematically their modal and evidential features, allowing the author to express relevantly his / her point of view and if necessary to distance from the opinion presented in the publication. It is shown that every marker possessing specific lexical and grammatical features contextually predetermines in a different way the limitations of the information which is actualized in the headline-judgments. This fact in its turn makes the base for their interchangeability and at the same time for their differentiating usage. On the level of the headline-judgments the basic pragmatic difference between the markers analyzed in the article is traced consistently in how they arrange the relations between predication and the author’s evaluation of the semantic content. For example, in contrast to be likely to , ( be ) expected to allows the author to predict the event and not to take the responsibility for the reliability of the information covered in the publication. Epistemic and deontic meaning actualizing presupposes in essence the point of view expressing, corresponding marking of the category of evidentiality. Based on the be likely to and ( be ) expected to markers the author arrange frequently his / her point of view as an opinion expressed by other subjects, more competent in the problems discussed. The evidential potential of ( be ) expected to is predetermined mostly by the passive syntactic structure: the point of view is arranged as reflecting the information from other subjects anticipating that the event is to take placy in the near future. Be likely to introduces the perceptive and / or indirect evidential dimension in the headline-judgments justifying the point of view the author expresses in the publication. Arranging the headline-judgments be likely to and ( be ) expected to depending to the specific context turn out to be the means of the epistemic and deontic modality and evidentiality realization. One of the meanings could be reduced or, on the contrary, be foregrounded, dominate in the headline-judgments. As our analyses of the factual material shows, these markers always realize epistemic modal meaning predetermined by their lexical and grammatical peculiarities. Localizing the relations between the first argument and the predicate these markers:  indicate indirectly that the author is the actual information source, expresses his / her point of view as the result of his / her observing the external circumstances which lead to some event realizing;  could be accompanied with explicit indication on the actual information source when the author doesn’t wish to take responsibility for covering the facts or events. Within the frameworks of the headline-judgments be likely to incorporating into the deep structure of the predicative relations specifies these relations indicating that the first argument has all necessary features to combine with the predicate. In this case the headline-judgment is interpreted in terms of probability and the potency of the predicative relations is considered to be problematic as the fact covered could not be realized in the near future. ( Be ) expected to actualizes the epistemic dimension, orients the readers’ attention to the effectiveness of the predicative relations fixed in the headline-judgment. The epistemic judgment does not reveal directly the information source, is arranged as expectation which is an apparent consequence of some social or political situation. The evidential marking of the headline-judgments is interpreted in our article as the important mechanism of supporting the journalistic ideals connected with the objective fact and event covering.

The article is devoted to communicative aspect of interrogative pronouncement, interrogative strategy of communication. The investigation of answering question’s nature is conditioned on scientific paradigm’s transformation: transfer from investigation of speech as an object to description of speech behavior changes task, material and methods of its description. The «formula» of question is learn mainly grammatically: lingua-didactical aspect of interrogative constructions is studied because of foreign languages acquisition, including Russian as foreign. Investigation of written soliloquy texts gave description of two important phenomenons: rhetorical question as discoursive schema and question-answer complex as the way of text development and construction of one of the most important textual forms of dialogic nature. In communicative aspect the answering question (as a question in general) is non-studied phenomenon. The answering question is defined as the one that is based on the interlocutor pronouncement’s rhema and on the development of this rhematic component. The answering question constitutes base for different genres of dialogue (interview, conversation, polylogue, dispute, debates, discussion etc.) and provides for communicant the construction of convergent intercourse taking account of conceptual senses of interlocutor. The main specific of answering question is that lexic-semantic content of foregoing pronouncement’s rhema is the base for all semantic transformations of answering question. Emerging in initial alien pronouncement rhema undergoes semantic transformations determining all sense structure of answering question. The deeper are semantic transformations of alien rhema in answering question, the more explicit are signs of its answering nature. One more sign of answering question is forming of specific genres showing relations own / alien , connecting alien pronouncement and own answering question. In the article the model of answering question is described, types of answering questions are marked out, and circumstances under which the answering question can be evidence of high level communicative competence of speaker. Three main parts of the article are devoted to: 1) culture of question and perspectives of its description, 2) answering area of speech-production in coordination to initial area and signs of pronouncements, texts of answering type, 3) answering question itself. Answering question is being examined on the example of such its varieties as question-interpretation, question-doubt, question-periphrase etc. Answering question is being inserted into area of convergent dialogue’s interpreting questions and coordinated to other types of question - such as test, fatique, provocation questions. The article works up the thesis that interrogative pronouncement is not only strong communicative position, but also professional competence providing effectiveness of activity in areas « man - man » and « man - text ».