The Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), in which the Russian army fought together with Austria, France, Spain, Saxony and Sweden against the armies of Prussia, Great Britain and Portugal, is considered by some researchers to be the first world war of the New Age by its time and scale of fighting. The reflection of the war in the pages of a periodical has an implicit character and needs to be interpreted. The theme of the war is cross-cutting for all 12 issues of the magazine. All military-related fragments from the magazine are imbued with the spirit of humanism and pacifism. For Sumarokov, war is the apocalypse, the destruction of the universe and all things. The author reflects on the price of victory, the terrible bloodshed, and the ruthlessness of death. Man is like God observing the life of another – a key phrase expressing the pacifist position of the editors of “Laboring Bee”. 

The article studies the role of Dostoevsky’s editorial activity in the newspaper-magazine “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”) in the formation of genre features and rhetorical strategies of the Writer’s Diary of 1873. The author of the article believes that the new form, which arose at the intersection of journalism and fiction, was mainly due to the prospeech attitudes of editorial policy, which simultaneously persuaded the highest strata of the Russian bureaucracy to put an end to the liberal reforms of Alexander II and at the same time tries to expand the circle of readers who adhere to a different social orientation.

Creating a new form of Diary as a literary work, Dostoevsky actively used the resources of rhetoric, while also preserving the achievements in the field of poetic peculiar means such as the paradoxical enthymeme, the reception of implied word? The use of metalanguage and metatext procedures, irony, and parody techniques.

The author of the writer’s Diary actively used non-traditional motives for previous works – false oblivion, masks, obsessions. A number of changes can also be found in such traditional genres of rhetoric as preaching and confession. Having left the post of editor of “The Citizen” at the beginning of 1874, Dostoevsky continued genre and rhetorical experiments, but he was no longer bound by the position of the magazine, which created greater creative freedom in the development of new forms.

Purpose. The problem of interaction between literature and journalism continues to be relevant today. Specialized publications dedicated to this topic are rarely studied. The purpose of the article is to consider ways of interaction between literature and journalism in specialized nature and hunting magazines of the late 19^th – early 20^th century. The research is based on hunting stories, articles by critics, and reviews by writers.

Results. The article concludes that magazines have become an experimental platform for a new genre in the late  19^th century. In the 1870s and 1890s, a bunch of important motives was formed. Among them are the motive of the path, the motive of the meeting, the motive of memories, the motive of death, the motive of the hunting brotherhood, and others.

Conclusion. The interaction between literature and journalism in specialized nature and hunting magazines was fruitful and mutually beneficial.

The article examines the features of the author's style of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as a music critic and the impact  of his journalistic works on the development of music journalism in Russia. It analyzes in detail his texts contained in the newspapers “Russian Vedomosti”, “Moscow Vedomosti”, “Modern Chronicle” and reviews the assessment of his musical and critical activity provided by the outstanding Russian music critics G. A. Laroche and A. N. Serov. The article concludes that despite his obvious literary talent, Tchaikovsky did not consider music journalism his profession. The composer's work in musical journalism became a bright discovery for his contemporaries as well.  The sharpness of his gaze as the music critic caught those details of acting, instrument skills, or composing techniques that an ordinary spectator did not know about, considering all fashionable musical trends from an idealistic perspective, and professional musicians and actors did not want to share, concealing their omissions. Tchaikovsky did not follow the tastes of the high society of Moscow and St. Petersburg and was not afraid to denounce world-famous opera singers, openly pointing out their sometimes lack of talent or undisguised lack of desire to improve their artistry. Complaining about the attacks on his critical activity, Tchaikovsky noted that this work, no matter how difficult it was, not only for him but also for any critic, played a crucial role in leveling up music education, which is the key to the development of music and journalism. 

The article analyzes the tendencies of the development of Armenian translated fiction and its importance as a communication channel in the genesis of national identity. The magazines under study published those works in which the collective image of the nation and its axiological system were embodied, and parallels were drawn between its past and present. Under the influence of socio-political and cultural factors, translated literature developed both in intralinguistic and inter-lingual directions and turned into one of the main catalysts for the formation of the modern Armenian language. The literature translated into Armenian improved the structure of the modern Armenian literary language and replenished its vocabulary with neologisms and borrowed words. Quantitative and qualitative analysis indicates that the thematic vector is shifting from social problems to patriotic content. Compositions of patriotic themes, in addition to aesthetic perception, awakened the national dignity of the Armenian people, faith in the revival of the Homeland, and Their own future. Comparison with the Russian newspaper “Kavkaz” (“Caucasus”) of the same period confirms the directly opposite thematic preferences of the editors: the literary geography in the Russian newspaper covered the South-East, and in the Armenian magazines – the North-West.

The article examines the late-Soviet phenomenon of the official Communist holiday greetings on the pages of the newspaper “Nauka v Sibiri” (‘Science in Siberia’). In the 1960s – 1980s, the main public holidays in the Soviet Union were November 7^th, May Day, and the day of the Soviet Constitution. Victory Day was a memorial day for a long time in this span of time. Printed congratulations on the anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution and May Day were heavily ritualized, while a text of the printed address contained the realities of the current socio-economic policy of the CPSU. Constitution Day, until the mid-1980s, was holiday number three according to newspaper editorial policy. The greetings dedicated to this public holiday usually emphasized the importance of socio-economic goods and social benefits for the Soviet people guaranteed by the Constitution. Perestroika in the USSR drastically changed the editorial policy of “Nauka v Sibiri”. The well-established tradition of holiday greetings was revisited in 1986– 1988. In 1988–1989 “Nauka v Sibiri” ceased to print ritual congratulations on Soviet holidays, following the general political sentiments in the USSR at the age of Gorbachev.

The paper examines and systematizes the most common theoretical approaches to the “cancel culture”, a widely spread mediatized phenomenon in contemporary social life. It focuses on analyzing primarily English-language academic discourse, since there are significantly more scholars examining this phenomenon. In addition to the literature review, the study uses monitoring methods of media publications on the related topic, which allows for revealing tendencies and dynamics of public and academic interest in the analyzed phenomenon. The paper describes the theoretical origins of the “cancel culture”, offers the most stable definitions and interpretations of the “cancel culture” today, and considers the concept of “cancel culture” in the context of the struggle for social justice. The theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon also includes a critical perspective: the “cancel culture” is condemned for its incompatibility with the promoted democratic ideals to the methods used by activists, the abuse of media power, etc. The “cancel culture” is criticized for the practice of lynching, or so-called “digital vigilantism”. Obviously, the “cancel culture” is both a positive and a negative phenomenon, which should be viewed in a comprehensive and in-depth way.

Purpose. Compared to 800 million users in 2012, global YouTube reached over 2 billion monthly active users in 2021. Just over a quarter of the world’s population visits YouTube every month. Worldwide, users watch over 1 billion hours of content every day. Russia is in the top five countries in 2021 in terms of the total estimated number of YouTube users – 58 million. According to Why Video, over 65 % of viewers perceive YouTube content as real life. Daily statistics show the scale of YouTube and it becomes clear that this is not just social media and video hosting, but a full-fledged “fifth power”. 

Results. Based on the analysis of 127 Russian-language media YouTube channels conducted in the fall-winter of 2021, as well as on expert interviews and monitoring of sociological research, the authors are trying to determine the vectors of development of the enormously popular platform.

Conclusion. YouTube and audiovisual networks are becoming not only a means of procrastinating and entertaining viewers, but also an informational and educational source. Social media, and in particular YouTube, have established their own full-fledged media space with their own laws, trends, culture, fashion, etc. Most YouTubers create a completely competitive product without large-scale professional, especially television, production facilities, while their audience is many times greater than the television one. They re-invent journalistic genres that seem outdated on television and radio, raising hype about them. They earn money with the help of not only the YouTube platform but also advertising integrations. YouTubers grew into powerful media, developing a personal brand, choosing the most comfortable social media platforms for themselves, and successfully mastering new ones.

The article considers the process of transformation of framing of science from a researcher (6 letters, 5 versions of the text with corrections) through the news in corporate mass media (press release, 1 text) to other mass media (8 texts in English, 1 text in German, 59 texts in Russian). Three frames were identified in the original text: “narrative of the progress of the study”, “catastrophizing the results of the study”, and “the need for additional observations for more accurate research results”. The media exploited the “catastrophizing” frame most actively: 6 texts in English, 1 text in German, 42 texts in Russian. Also, journalists implemented one more frame – “verification of results by external experts” (1 time in English and 1 time in Russian). In the texts in Russian has appeared another source of information –  a press-release by the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, which can be singled out in a separate frame “refutation of the results obtained by external experts” (15 texts). There has been a convergence of the format of news and a press release about scientific results since journalists used texts prepared by press services without verification and external comments. As a result, the frames of the original text are duplicated in mass media. If the frame is based on sensation, the emphasis on sensation increases in further replication when information about the research (its methodology, problems, and development) decreases.

The article discusses trends in the development of the regional blogosphere. The outcomes of the study include a determination of the main stages in the growth of regional blogs, an indication of their type-forming features, a description of the most popular topics, and a ranking of bloggers into three levels of popularity. Majority of the blogs of the Mordovia region target a youth audience, thematically do not differ from the blogs of the all-country level, but barely touch on the current socio-political agenda. The percentage of blogs focused on national relations and ethnic culture is extremely small. Another key tendency is to attract bloggers as opinion leaders. In 2022, the regional blogosphere was reshaped, and not all popular content creators successfully adapted to the changes.

The article studies of the Armenian blogosphere, reveals its role in shaping the information and political agenda of Armenia and the media image of the Transcaucasus. The research includes the overview of the current content of the most popular Armenian bloggers, analysis of publications from the point of view of national-cultural speechbehavioral determinants, genre-format transformations, and adherence to traditional journalistic principles. The article raises the issue of social and legal regulation of the blogosphere in Armenia. Using an interdisciplinary approach and based on the monitoring and survey, analysis of scientific literature and expert opinions, as well as content analysis, the article identifies problems and specific features characteristic of the Armenian blogging.

The article discusses the features of the image of the Soviet Union in the American press in 1990–1991. Based on the analysis of the articles from the liberal weekly news magazine “Time”, the research aims to identify the characteristic features of the representation of the image of the USSR on the pages of the American press in the last years of the Soviet Union and to analyze the dominant stereotypes and the specifics of their formation. The author resorts to quantitative and semantic analysis of texts from “Time” magazine covering events in the USSR.

The paper examines the problems of the collapse of the USSR but for the first time from the perspective of the imagological study. Based on the frequency analysis of lexemes, the author proposes a unique thematic list of rubrics that reflects the focus of interest of American journalists when covering events related to the Soviet Union. On the 

pages of “Time”, the concept of “Russian people” is presented as a passive object that has nothing to do with politics. There is also a division of political forces into positive ones, represented by M. S. Gorbachev and B. N. Yeltsin, and negative, pursuing a repressive policy, presented as abstractions “Kremlin”, “Moscow”, “Soviet Union”. The interpretation of the events of the August putsch deserves special attention - the persistent drawing of parallels with the revolution of 1917.

The article argues the synchronized processes of diffusion of misinformation (fakeization) and spread of post-truth news in the information agenda, disposed in the context of the first “wave” of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The methods of case study, discourse analysis, and comparative analysis are applied. The empirical base is the materials of television channels (Channel One, Rossiya 1, NTV) and social networks (VKontakte and banned on  the territory of the Russian Federation Facebook, Instagram). Timeline of the study – March-June 2020. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that the above processes were due to the problematization simultaneously with the “high and low threshold” – the spread of this social precedent to the entire social space and complete lack of such experience among individuals causes social disorientation and particularly manipulative susceptibility of society – and due to the differentiated motives of the actors. Based on the author's concept of pseudo-news, it is determined that fake is  a product of mass consciousness, and post-truth – a result of the planned and deliberate tactics implemented by the powers that control media. Inspiring the processes of fakeization and post-truthization of the information agenda correlated with stable narratives of the main communication channels (the Internet and television), strengthening the established media picture, thereby constituting the qualification of conditional “heroes” and “enemies” in public opinion.

Purpose. The paper examines argumentation in the pandemic media discourse. Within the concept of decoding rhetoric, argumentation is considered a procedure for effective text formation acting as an instrument of influence.

Method. The research method used is argument reconstruction based on the following parameters: a thesis, types of arguments, and argumentation structures. The material has been selected according to the criterion of an addressee  of the media discourse, where the addressee is a politician, a doctor, or a publicist.

Results. Media texts about the pandemic demonstrate that politicians propose orthodox theses, whereas doctor (D. Protsenko) proposes prescriptive ones and publicist (D. Bykov) – paradoxical ones.

Politicians use the universal system and rational arguments based on statistics. The influencing message of D. Protsenko’s media text is formed due to personal empirical argumentation. D. Bykov relies on collective empirical argumentation.

Concerning the argumentation structures, coordinate argumentation dominates in the media texts of politicians, making it possible to defend their opinion in the most revealing way. D. Protsenko combines coordinate argumentation with the subordinate one, creating opportunities for interpretation. The text of D. Bykov does not show any steady tendencies for argumentative structuring, reflecting a creative approach to text formation.

Conclusion. The argument reconstruction reveals mechanisms of text formation and decodes the pragmatic motives of the speakers in the pandemic media discourse.

The author reviews A. I. Belenky's textbook “Photojournalism in Modern Media”, intended for students at universities. Unlike the bulk of teaching literature devoted to photography, this book focuses not on the technical techniques of photography, but on the basics of journalistic work with photography. Alexander I. Belenky has extensive experience as a photo reporter and bildedactor, teacher, media investigator. Each of the aspects of his professionalism was reflected in the book – in the content of theoretical material, in practical recommendations, in methodological guidelines. There are 12 chapters in the book. Chapters 1–8 describe the functioning of photography in mass media. Chapters 9–11 disclose the conditions that ensure the quality and efficiency of the photojournalist. Chapter 12 provides advice on further professional improvement for a photographer working in mass media. The author's reasoning is accompanied by rich illustrative material, including many works by recognized photo masters. The tests at the end of each chapter encourage self-reflection and creative work. A glossary and a list of recommended literature are also useful for students.