Purpose. The review substantiates the need for visual literacy and training students in recognizing fake photos or videos, as well as enhancing students’ critical thinking. The analytical review examines the problems of media education related to the advanced development of digital tools for creating images and the growing visualization of the information space that changes journalistic practices and professional consciousness. Results. After a number of expert interviews with lecturers of journalism departments, the author comes to understand the gap between the requirements of media practice and the response to these requests from educational centers. Due to the conservatism of the university environment and the dominance of the faculties of journalism of the philological school with its logo-centrism, data visualization is still perceived as a tribute to popular culture, something secondary and optional in relation to the text. Even employees of the best editorial offices in the world recognize the lack of experts and managers for visualization and infographics. Conclusion. The conclusion is made about the possibility of a “visual coup” in the modernized educational programs in with a clear interest in this media corporations and government customers.

Purpose. Analyzed articles about past and present European of justice, published in the periodical socio-political (“Russian Gerald”, “Domestic notes”, “Contemporary”) and departmental (magazines published by ministries) publications in 1857-1864 in the context of discussions on judicial reform. Results. A total of 43 texts on the past and present of European justice were identified, which belong to 25 authors. The authors identify as professors of low andcivil servants. At the heart of their professional worldview was the state historical school of law, so they revealed through the press its values. Refined of the most discussed topics: the organization of local justice, advocacy and jury. There is a discussion between the supporters of the English and French justice systems, their argumentation is considered. Supporters of the English judicial system argued that England is not as similar to Europe as Russia, so its experience may be interesting. But they stressed that the judicial institutions of England are very closely connected with its specific history and culture. Adherents of the French model of justice found positive its organization, uniformity and high educational level for judicial officials and lawyers. They also pointed out that in the countries of continental Europe, where justice has been reformed in the French model, it is functioning successfully. Proved the dependence between the final orientation of the printing on the French model and the assumption of office of Minister of justice D. N. Zamyatnin. Conclusion. It is emphasized that, in addition to respect for the judicial systems of European countries, there were skeptical judgments about the use of these samples in the Russian Empire.

Purpose. The article discusses the process of creating of “Tomsk provincial Gazette” in the early years of the newspaper. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the texts of the official part of the newspaper, which had not previously been the subject of special consideration. The main source was the handwritten editorial copies of the official part of the newspaper for 1857-1858, 1863, stored in rare Books and Manuscripts Department of the Tomsk State University Research Library. Results. On the basis of paleographic analysis, copyists are identified, the methods of their work are described, and the editing process is shown. The main circle of Tomsk provincial government officials involved in the process of newspaper creation was reconstructed, their main duties were described. Conclusion. In general, the selected source allows answer all questions posed in the article.

Purpose. The article analyzes the editorial and publishing strategies and tactics of the newspaper ‘Narodnaya Letopis’ (‘National Chronicle’) due to a social and literary reputation of Nikolay D. Akhsharumov. Akhsharumov was a mass-fiction writer, contemporary of Goncharov, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He was the author of authority conception of enslavement art (1858). The author of the stories (“Double” (1850), “Player” (1858)), novels (“Alien name” (1861) and “Strange case” (1864), he was so-called conservator (anti-radical and anti-nihilist) writer. Particular attention is paid to the circumstance that the reputation of this publication had a direct impact on the “social and literary prestige” (by P. Bourdieu). Results. General attention is paid to the entry of the ‘National Chronicle’ into the journal and newspaper environment of 1865. Program and content of the newspaper are investigated with a comparison of the individual program of Akhsharumov. The main problem, in any case, is the anonymity of the majority of the materials published in the “National Chronicle”. So, in fact, ‘Akhsharumov’ was a single name, who was formally responsible for the content of each article, was listed in each issue. Nevertheless, a brief episode of such a nominal editorial board did not affect the literary reputation of the writer - the article made an assumption as to the communicative nature of the periodical (G. Zykova, I. Silantev and other). The article is based on the testimonies of memoirists (E. Zhukovskaya, A. V. Nikitenko) and archival materials, the newspaper’s reflection in the public consciousness of the period under consideration is reconstructed. Conclusion. The examined case demonstrates specific character of the formation of symbolic capital of the mass-fiction writer, who participates in newspaper and magazine projects of his time. Apparently, it is possible to state the operation of the hierarchy principle: an article in a thick magazine, which in its time caused controversy and discussion, affects the literary reputation much more than the editorial and publication of a newspaper whose communicative nature presupposes an almost instantaneous change of ideological vectors and orientations. Moreover, the study of the “People’s Chronicle” is of interest not only in the history of journalism, but also in the sociology of literature, and also, in the light of the writer’s role behavior, the so-called ‘history of ideas’.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to examine the experience of man and nature interaction, to outline the variety of directions presenting this interaction and elicit the problem-thematic range of magazine published works. Results. The publicistic sections of «Nature and hunting» 1891-1892 editions and «Russian hunter» during the year of 1892 have been thoroughly analyzed in terms of journalistic context. The experience of man and nature interaction includes different aspects: nature is considered to be aesthetic delight, hunting storylines reveal national traditions of interaction with nature, issues of careful attitude to nature are discussed, hunting facilitates human physical vigor development, nature becomes a matter for scientific research. Conclusion. The author concludes that nature and hunting magazines give their position on the dialogue model of man’s taming of the diverse natural world.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify the typological diversity of unrealized publications of the pre-- revolutionary Tomsk province at the beginning of the 20th century, details of which are in the censorship affairs of the Main Department of Press Affairs (Russian State Historical Archive) and Tomsk Province Administration (Tomsk Region State Archive). Results. The information preserved in the archives, including the programs of the conceived editions of the cities of the Tomsk pre-revolutionary province, such as Barnaul, Novo-Nikolaevsk, Biysk, Kainsk, and others, make it possible to draw a conclusion about their typological status and, in some cases, to identify the possible reasons why the publication was not carried out. Among them are political motives, economic reasons and organizational difficulties. The conducted study allows us to conclude that the typological picture of the development of journalism in the Tomsk province becomes much more complicated if, along with the realized publications, to take into account unrealized projects of newspapers and magazines. The typology of most of the unrealized editions of the cities of the Tomsk province coincided with the newspapers and magazines of Tomsk, but some of the ideas reflect the desire of journalists to create bodies of periodicals of new types. Conclusion. The studied materials indicate that the study of the history of the development of provincial journalism is impossible without taking into account archival data, which allow us to see the possible vectors of development of the typological picture of the local periodicals.

Purpose. In this article, one of the brightest publicist compositions of M. Gorky - «Untimely thoughts» is being considered. The main platform, where the author’s essays was being publicized, is the «New life» newspaper, which was established with V. A. Desnitsky in April of 1917 and closed by personal disposition of V. I. Lenin in July of 1918. After closing of the newspaper, in 1920 the author decided to publish separate book, augmented it with essays from another cycle «Revolution and culture» and exchanged chronological principle of positioning of the material with thematic one. Results. In this article is pointed, that, as a result of changes, the book has loosed some features, inherent to journalistic discourse with it linear time sequence, but gained new features, which have amplified artistic-publicistical speech of the text, which took more generalized meaning along with the documentary material. Gaining of balance between an entinema and an example as a way to expand the material have been became the important principle of the book’s poetics. Artistic method, discovered by L. N. Tolstoy in «Anna Karenina» and «Resurrection», made Gorky able to demystificate thesis about humanin character of events of 1917-1918 years and occupy objective view on the revolution, avoiding influence of Bolshevik’s press and defamation, peculiar to counterrevolution publications. Conclusion. Also, true anatomical view on the Russian revolution haven’t deliver Gorky from utopical hope for culture as a remedy for the social rescue. In this utopia, prerequisites of the future union between Gorky and Bolsheviks, which caused ambiguous reaction of descendants, already appeared.

Purpose. This article reflects the program and the main research questions to describe the place of infographics on the media sites of the biggest Siberian cities. On the first stage of the research there were generated the solid sample of the infographics produced by six online media of Novosibirsk, five - of Krasnoyarsk and five - of Omsk. Results. The empirical base shows, chronologically, how the format is penetrated and developed the editorial boards of these media, given the number published on these website infographic in different years, revealed the media who regularly use this format, and media who do it rather rare. It is shown that this format is used by regional media quite selectively, only a few media creates more than a fifteen infographics per year. Nevertheless, the total number of infographics that could be found and included in the empirical base is quite large: more than five hundred infographics. They presents as standalone products in the sections allocated specifically for them, so the form of illustrations for reviews, articles and notes. Conclusions. They presents as standalone products in the sections allocated specifically for them, so the form of illustrations for reviews, articles and notes. At the second stage of the study, the method of content analysis will be applied to the formed empirical base, we also plan to analyze the auditoria indicators of the relevant projects, interview experts in the editorial offices to find out peculiarities of the production process.

Purpose. The television film “Ukraine. Revolution masks” (directed by Paul Moreira, France, 2016), which main genre characteristics are comparable to journalistic investigation, is analyzed as a part of a documentary film as a whole. Results. Various points of view on objectivity / subjectivity of documentaries authors are covered. Ambiguous critics and audience’s reaction to the designated film investigation is explained by the interpretation distinction of the last. Conclusion. The Dogme film objectivity principles in terms of the Danish director Lars von Trier being assumed as basic, it is proved that the aspiration to follow these principles doesn’t rid the director of some plugola manifested in the use of a number of manipulative strategies and also of the psychological bluff, which are common in mass media.

Purpose. Revealing the basic ways of creation of publicistic image and defining the means of expression of author’s position in this popular type of media text after the analysis of publications on the web-site “TASS. Infographic”. Results. Publicism as the most demanded type of art in native mass media and developing during three centuries faces now the challenges of the 21st century. Abilities of publicistic perception of reality based upon the dialectic interaction of a fact and an image, a standard and expression, an active dialogue between an author and an addressee which leads to co-creativity, preserved and developed traditions in contemporary media. Evolution of digital and multimedia technologies, informational globalization on all the levels of mass communication, content visualization - all those demanded a search for new formats and genres from the authors of journalistic works. The transformation touched both communication channels and text formation principles with the problem of author being especially acute; his “death” was announced by post-modernists and he seems to have no place in the infinite flow of news generated with the help of new technologies. Remaining a high unit of communication, publicistic text changes under the influence of various tendencies: development of news journalism and personification of media text; visualization and digitalization; convergence and diversification. Infographic became the most convincing and effective response to the challenges of the new age. The main research methods are textual, discursive and cognitive analysis as well as case-method. Conclusion. As the result of the analysis the following conclusion has been drawn: infographic as a convenient format of “package” of a large informational volume is developing towards publicism; the author’s role enhanced in this kind of multimedia text is supported by such tendencies as “visual turn” and personification of journalistic text.

Purpose. The relevance of the research is connected with the leading directions of the development of modern journalistic science, which prioritizes studying the transformation of traditional media under the influence of the realities of the information society and modern civilization. The processes of penetration of the civilization factor into the media sphere are particularly clearly seen in the segment of magazine publications, which is connected with the globalization of the magazine market and the scale of its influence on the audience. Among the main vectors of modern magazine sactivities are the creation of cultural values and the creation of civilization values. If an intellectual magazine creates cultural values, broadcasting information at a qualitative level and focusing on a high level of audience training, the «new intellectual magazine» as an interdisciplinary publication creates the values of civilization and forms the lifestyle of the audience. The study of modern intellectual publications as translators of cultural values and values of civilization requires studying the modern intellectual magazine as a type of publication, identifying its main features, substantiating the differentiation of intellectual magazines into two subgroups - the classic intellectual magazine (for example, «Inviolable Reserve: Politics and Culture Debate», «New Literary Review») and a new intellectual magazine (for example, «Snob» and «Esquire»). The methodological basis of this work is based on a systems approach and a comparative typological method. In particular, the systems approach was used to identify evidence of an intellectual magazine as a type of publication. The comparative typological method was used to determine the differentiating measure of the subgroups of the intellectual magazine. The key factor in the emergence of a new intellectual magazine was the formation of a young generation of intellectuals with discrete, interactive thinking, a special value system. The magazines broadcast a model of modern civilization with its ideas and meanings, which proves the inclusion of this media phenomenon in civilizational communication processes.

Purpose. Linguists actively study accounts of world politicians in social networks, pages of regional politicians are not described yet, as defines a urgency and novelty of research. Objective of article is the analysis of strategy of the self-presentation used for formation of image of the regional politician in social networks. Material - the page of the governor of Kuzbass S. Tsivilev in the social network “VKontakte” for the period preceding his election to the post. At occurrence of the new politician in region the specific character of the selected strategy of self-presentation as it is necessary for politician to show professional qualities is boldly shown, to designate prospects, to win respect of electorate, to achieve support on elections. Results. S. Tsivilev’s account is exemplary all channels of self-presentation as are actively involved: qualitative avatars, the information on the politician, substantial and on a regular basis updated content are presented, to a photo, video data. During self-presentation in a social network “VKontakte” S. Tsivilev actively uses tactics of positioning, an identification, creation of “the circle”. Conclusion. Used tactics of self-presentation are reflection of the image roles “Simple person”, “Patriot”, “Personnel militarian”, “Anti-recessionary manager”, “Authorized representative of the president”, that in aggregate shapes an image of the head of region, the person of action, in a military way precise, demanding to itself and another, able quickly to make the decision, to reveal problems and to find ways of their decision. S. Tsivilev’s convincing victory over elections of the governor testifies to high efficiency of the selected strategy of self-presentation.

Purpose. The article presents the results of the analysis of the work of television channels on the air and on the YouTube. This platform appeared in 2006 and has become popular all over the world. Now famous video service has a great influence to the media sphere, and traditional television has to reckon with this fact. The topic of interaction of TV channels with YouTube platforms is relevant for the theorists and practitioners. However, due to its novelty, it can not be called fully studied. Studies dealing with this issue cover only certain aspects of it, and the interaction of cultural and educational channels and their accounts on YouTube has not been considered before. Results. In the article authors analyzed materials prepared by the “Russia С” and Arte channels. These materials were published on the YouTube. The analysis was based on the following features: the number of released materials, views, comments, the specifics of the content (air or special), informational occasions, format and timing. Conclusion. The authors conclude that YouTube channels perfectly complement the on-air broadcasting, giving to the viewers the opportunities of non-linear viewing and encouraging users to be more active. Each of the analyzed channels has its advantages and disadvantages, but undoubtedly the presence of traditional media on new platforms is necessary: YouTube provides viewers with opportunities for non-linear viewing and encourages users to be more active. This means that both “Russia С” and Arte have great prospects in the development of a new Internet space.

Purpose. The article addresses the issue of media discourse hybridization, the latter being the result of discourse-andgenre transgression and the source of new discursive practices, particularly, infotainment. The growing demands of society for information and the increasing worldwide popularity of humorous programs (especially stand-up comedies) have triggered the emergence of a unique media product - The Jim Jefferies Show. The salient feature of the talk show is that its host and producer is a famous stand-up comedian. Jim Jefferies’ versatile, controversial, belief-challenging and thought-provoking satirical comedy has won him admiration and respect across the USA and abroad. Results. Adopting an interdisciplinary, integrated approach, we explore the problem of media discourse technologization and game-ization. The research is based on the premises of theory of discourse, pragma- and sociolinguistic discourse studies, critical discourse analysis, philosophy of discourse and philosophy of play and games. We argue that incorporating stand-up technologies, also referred to as attractions, into informational discourse brings about a powerful discursive shift and comprehensive hybridization manifested in multiple interdiscursivity (with a variety of types and kinds of discourse involved: informational and entertaining, institutional [status bound] and personal [personality bound], existential and habitual; critical, political, comical; simulative), multiple destination (along with information-offering [news] and entertainment [fun], opinion, critique, subversion, shock) and multiple functions (informational, orientational, that of solidarity vs. agonistic, actional, axiological and “ludenic”). Conclusion. The new discursive practice as an extension of media and man, homo ludens , meets demands and values of the consumer society, agrees with the postmodernist Zeitgeist and reveals a carnivalesque media chronotope.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the consideration of narrative media strategies for creating a longread of historical themes in the Russian Internet space. We are talking about the documentary-gaming network resources of Mikhail Zygar - “1917. Free history” and “Map of history”. Results. It is concluded that history is in many respects an object, which is almost endless material for various “experiments with formats”. The article presents the different views of researchers on the nature and modern mechanisms of mediastoritelling. It is noted that the game focuses the reader-user on the immersive nature of the historical Internet product: describes such ways to attract the addressee's attention, such as animation, infographics, reception “past in the present” - social networks become the mechanism of narrative explication of historical events. The materials of the “Map of History” are considered separately from the point of view of their compositional construction. Conclusion. It is argued that the authors of the project have created a complex and interesting rhizomatic mass media product, which can be perceived simultaneously as historical evidence, an exciting documentary game, and a journalistic longread, and an artistic text.

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the study of mass speech culture as demonstration of a broad trend to social communications mediatization. Mass speech culture is considered to be the standards of verbal communication used by a number of people regardless of their status and social role in public communication and in everyday life. The author defines mass culture of Russian speech as elements of discursive practices accepted as a social standard by the majority of Russian speakers. One the one hand, mass speech culture mediatization manifests itself by the fact that patterns of verbal behavior and linguistic innovations are actively communicated and replicated in the mass media and social networks. On the other hand, modern media themselves extensively collaborate with socio-cultural practices and form the background for communication and language norms change. Results. The research is aimed at three types of mass speech culture manifestation that have cause-and-effect relationship with mediatization procedures. They are mass interpretation of the speech standard, subject-matter presuppositions / restrictions and a fast-paced spread of speech innovations. Essential features of mass speech culture are concluded with reference to the survey conducted among philologists and the representative selection of “Medialogy” database. Mass speech culture is characterized by vague conception of the speech standard, extension of topics admitted in public communication, virus spread of innovations and reduced introspection towards them. It can be viewed as modern media practices influence as well as their forming factors. Conclusion. Mediatization concept implementation for reasoning the interconnections between mass media development and mass speech culture changes within the interdisciplinary framework can be regarded as the research prospect by the author.

Purpose. Today, new media play a crucial role in legitimating political relations. Theoretical background of the current research draws on the social cognitive approach to discourse studies. From this perspective, legitimization is understood as one of the major ways of establishing social dominance in the process of meaning negotiation. As the meanings in discourse can vary, discourse actors have tools to attribute components of meaning to specific affairs, for instance, political and social. An analysis of the news discourse aims to identify major mechanisms of establishing legitimacy of political decisions conducted by political institutions. The authors describe discursive features of constructing political decisions by applying the method of discourse analysis to the news on Venezuelan crisis, which took place in the winter 2018-2019. Results. As the study of the empirical data demonstrates, the British mass media tend to construct discursive representation of Latin America’s events by introducing of several groups of actors in the news on the Venezuelan crisis. Generally, these groups relate to socio-political hierarchy. They include individual, collective, institutional and international actors. By tracing the elements of their agency in Venezuelan crisis 2019 news, authors assume that their functions in news construction are directly connected to the mechanism of objectivation. Recognizing the informative function of media as one of the major, authors argue that this mechanism also relates to establishing legitimacy in discursive practices. The ways by which the actors of the events in the discourse on Venezuela have been embedded in the articles show the creation of increasingly formed belief in legitimate actions of the new opposition leader. Conclusion. The study contributes to the methods of discourse analysis as well as to the search for legitimization strategies applied by the media. The implications of the study include the comparative analysis of British and Russian new media discourse.

Purpose. The article aims to demonstrate the validity of the functional typology of signs proposed by the author in the semiotic approach to the analysis of advertising slogans. Advertising texts perform their functions in the communicative situation of interaction between the advertiser and the client. Results. The analysis shows language mechanisms of involvement of the addressee in the creation of an advertising image, ways of influence on the addressee, ways of presentation of goods or service. Thus the main functions of the sign - identification, regulation and modeling - are realized. Conclusion. The analysis of advertising serves as an illustration of the proposed functional classification of the sign; it highlights specific language mechanisms of interaction and influence on the addressee

Purpose. The article focuses on the investigation of evaluation and its types in professional (quality press news texts) and non-professional media texts (blog posts) in Russian, German and English. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation analysis is proposed. For quantitative analysis, I propose the method of calculating the evaluative index of media text (the percentage of evaluative means, or evaluatives, to total words number in the text), and for qualitative analysis several types of evaluative contexts are differed and described. Results. The number of evaluation means and the evaluative index is a rather variable indicator, which depends on the length of the text, the subject of the message, the genre and the author's style. In general, blogs demonstrate a higher evaluative index than texts of professional media. The qualitative analysis shows, that in both professional and nonprofessional media texts the means of rational evaluation prevail. This can be explained by the fact, that journalists and bloggers seek for objectivity as well as by the variety of evaluated aspects in this case (object / subject of the action, its characteristics, the act itself, quantitative indicators, etc.). The number of emotional evaluation means is somewhat higher in blogs, where the authors are not bound by the requirements of editorial policy and choose the subject of the message themselves, which is very topical. The results of the analysis demonstrate a preference of emotive evaluatives with negative semantics, which is due to the wish of the journalists to reveal some negative aspects of the life. Conclusion. The study of evaluation in media texts, and especially the description of hidden evaluation mechanisms, seems to be very promising in media linguistics, because of its active usage and development nowadays and because of the need to develop critical thinking of each person who must see evaluative contexts and understand them.